The ancient capital of Japan. Ancient capital of Japan

Now the capital of Japan is Megapolis Tokyo, who before this was called Edo, and before him the capital was the city of Kyoto, and before them - Kamakura and Nara, and there was no state in front of them. For a thousand with more than four, there are only four capitals - a lot or a little? Moscow is also not immediately ... try to remember how many capitals of the state are listed in history textbooks. However, it's thousands of kilometers of West, and now speech will go About the seaside city, the former capital of Japan in the thirteenth century.

And not in Primorsky, but in the Prochansky. And not in thirteenth, but from the end of the twelfth to almost the middle of the fourteenth. And not the capital of the Empire, but the capital of the village, but then it is also worth writing hieroglyphs or to saturate a short article by heavyweight references to historical sources.

In the twelfth century, Japanese life could not be called calm. Various groups of the military fought for power, the imperial yard was in Kyoto and seriously feared for his lives. It is not surprising that the winner of Syogun Minamoto-but Eritomo, who came out of the next inner war, chose a successfully strategically located fishing village Kamakura for his residence. From three sides, it is surrounded by high wooded mountains, with the fourth - the sea, the climate is soft. And settled there samurai, harsh warriors, hardened by hikes and battles. This was reflected in the old architecture of the city - simple, harsh and surprisingly calm.

The military and political fate of the changed, and after the age of one and a half centuries, the power of luck turned away from the Kamakura and its rulers, and the city again turned into a deaf fishing village with temples resembling the past of magnitude. At the end of the nineteenth century, Kamakura was again filled with people - now it is visited by twenty million people per year, elevated by her mild climate, abundance of attractions and just an hour drive away from Tokyo.

Now Kamakura is a resort city, in which there are plenty of benches, restaurants, hotels, the ocean coast and almost two hundred temples - old and Pononey, famous for the whole world and practically unlucky. Near almost every temple is a park, a cemetery and a peaceful silence. At once inaccessible mountains Convenient trails are laid for hiking walks, and in some places the parks are broken.

Probably the most famous landmark of Kamakura - the second largest statue of the Buddha, Daibuts under open sky. Bronze giggle, cast in the thirteenth century, is already visible from afar and getting striking with its size. The statue of the hollow and it can even go to a simple tourist.

The history and features of worship in several dozen other temples were recognized throughout the country. For example, a source in which you want to wash money to increase wealth, the temple dedicated to the patron of learning, the temple of the divorces, where women who were injured from cruelty husbands could get refuge ...

Kamakura, the ancient capital of harsh warriors-samurai, now has become a resort for recreation for every taste.

For contemplants and connoisseurs of history - parks and temples, cemeteries and statues.

For modern youth and fans of an active lifestyle - sand beaches, Dolphinarium and year-round windsurfing. And for all those who came - giant Buddha, already a century is discriminating on the people and the ocean.

Remember kipling?

"To the terrible court to go and you.
Alien do not despise the temple,
Where Buddha smoke Fimiam
Gentiles in Kamakur "

Ancient capital Japan - the Japanese have them already two, Kyoto and Nara - two great cities that are the keepers of invaluable cultural and historic Heritage. These two cities were able for many centuries to carry the true image and flavor Ascending sun. That is why those who want to get acquainted with the real ancient state should go to these depths.

Nara city - Running Japanese capital

Nara is also one of the several former capitals of Japan, but this single citywho managed to almost completely maintain his original guise. It is in Nare that there are numerous monasteries and temples, which are the treasures of the oldest relics and shrines. Only here you can feel the spirit of early Buddhism, since in Korea or China, very scattered exhibits are preserved, which allow us to get only a collective impression.

Located on the plain, Nara is quite extensive, but compared with Kyoto or Osaka is still not so great. central part The cities are an extensive park with a museum, which stretches between two great monasteries - Todaji and Cofukundi. The most ancient monasteries are in the western part of Nara.

In the middle of the 730s, the wave of faults, epidemics and uprisings rolled the wave, which served as the basis for the repeated transfer of the capital. At that time, Emperor Syuum issued a decree on the construction of numerous Buddhist temples, and also initiated the construction of a majestic bronze statue of Buddha in the city of Nara. She became the center around which the Great East Monastery () was erected. A little later, the emperor declared himself a slave Buddha and went to the monastery. Of course, the temple complex since its very time has undergone numerous changes. However, to this day, the greatness and power preserved, which eloquently testifies to the former times of the country of the rising sun.

Separate attention deserves a reverent attitude to deer - in this city there is a whole park in which a huge number of these animals live. Why did this attitude towards these spotted handsome people arose? The thing is that one of the 4-keeper gods of Nara arrived here on deer. Since then, Sica (spotted deer) became a symbol of the city. The medieval law states that this animal is forbidden to kill under the fear of the death penalty. Now tourists can enjoy the society of these animals by visiting the first capital of Japan.

Kyoto - the cultural capital of Japan

During the 12th centuries, Kyoto was the capital of the Japanese state, as well as its cultural center. Second World War Not much hurt this city. It is thanks to this fact that Kyoto was able to preserve his unsurpassed flavor and the atmosphere of ancient Japan. Vintage Palaces and Villas, ancient temples And shrines - all this is harmoniously combined with small villages, which cozy are located on the slopes surrounding the city itself.

According to the old quarter, the Gion is strolled by real geishas, \u200b\u200band in the Kamigo-ku area still skillful masters demonstrate vintage textile crafts. Numerous owners of small shops and local craftsmen are holy than their most ancient traditions and are doing everything possible to preserve Japanese culture.

Today, to visit the ancient capital of Japan, everyone can every - most tourists come here for a week. Only in this case can be estimated all the beauty and greatness of the most ancient city.

Kyoto is not only former capital Japan. Despite the fact that this city is no longer the main political center of the country, Kyoto still remains the most important cultural, economic and political region with a centuries-old history. Moreover, even the name itself speaks eloquently itself for itself - so, the initial name of the former capital (Hayiankio) is literally translated as "the capital of the world." Kyoto was originally planned as the capital of the state. That is why there are so many temple complexes and majestic structures that have become the wealth of world heritage. The golden age for the history of Kyoto was the XI century - it was at that time unique masterpieces were created here, such as the "Tale of Genzi" Murassaki Sikiba, as well as all the well-known "notes from the head of Siena Senagon.

The current capital of Japan

Tokyo is the capital of Japan for over 400 years. The initial name of the city is EDO. The flowering of the city fell on the reign of Tokugawa Ieyasu. In the middle of the XVIII century, Edo turned into the largest political, economic and cultural Center, with a population of over 1 million people. At this time, the residence of the emperor was located in Kyoto - the city, which was officially considered the capital of Japan. However, in 1868, the emperor moved to Edo - since then the city has been renamed Tokyo and received the official status of the capital of the rising sun.

Japan is a country with amazing and rich. Each capital (both the former and current) is a unique city, which largely reflects cultures and the history of the state. Of course, those who want to truly penetrate the Japanese culture and its color, it is worth going on a journey through the oldest capitals who will be able to transfer an ancient Japan ancient atmosphere.

Good afternoon, dear readers! Rada again welcome you on the pages of your blog. Today we will talk about the ancient capitals of Japan: Nara and Kyoto. And although the current capital is an innovative city, it is Nar and Kyoto that remain cultural capitals Japan and transmit medieval tradition and culture atmosphere.

Nara

In the VIII century of our era, it was this city that was the right to refer to the capital. Tourists coming here fall into the atmosphere of antiquity and soaked in the spirit of Buddhism.

Nara has been preserved in an initiated form, although due to natural cataclysms, over the centuries, the master worked on recovery architectural monuments. Here, as before there are numerous Buddhist temples, houses of major samurai clans and dickers.

Nar's city, though he was the medieval capital of Japan, but occupies a very small area. But despite the small space, it is saturated with attractions. In the center of the city there is a large park zone, on the edges of which majestic temples and idols are treated.

Many legends are connected with this city, one of which states that it was for the first time that the first emperor of Japan was first stepped by the first emperor of Japan, here was the beginning of the Japanese state.

After the transfer of the capital in Nagawa-Ke (in the future Kyoto), the development of the city slowed down, and since then, Nara is the status of a provincial Buddhist town.

Sights of Nara

Planning a trip to Japan, do not forget to visit Nara. After all, it is here that the atmosphere of pristine Japan reigns, with numerous temples and gardens. Here are many ancient buildings open to visitors to visitors:

• The Temple of Kofokhi - this complex belonged to the old clan of Fujiwara, which several centuries were the ruling dynasty. There are several rich temples and a lot of amazing pagodas. And although the complex is somewhat damaged, here still have something to see.
• Khoryuji - the temple was also used as a monastery, this temple is considered ancient wooden building in the world, as well as the largest temple of the country's south. The Japanese belongs to this place, with special reverence.
• Yakusiji is one of the ancient Buddhist temples. This building It is protected by the international heritage of UNESCO (in the photo).
• Todaji - Big buddhist monastery, built during a fault in the city of Nara. Todaji is considered to be the largest building from the wood in the world! Inside the temple has a large golden buddha statue. The tourists and southern gates of the complex are striking, eight statues of which "elate" entrance to the monastery.
• If you are planning your trip to the summer or winter period, visit the Kasuga Temple Complex. During this period of time, traditional flashlights are performed here.
• Having come across the local temples and parks, it is worth paying attention to the National Museum of the city. Here is a great lot of sculptures and household items, residents of Japan VIII century.
• The famous park of tamed deer.

Kyoto

In the times of the Great Emperor Kamma, Japan plunged into troubled times. And to strengthen his power, Kamma suffered the capital from the city of Nara to Kyoto.

The fact is that at that time, emigrants from Korea lived in the vicinity of Kyoto, who did not make sense to rise against the emperor, on the contrary, they could provide him with essential help. Hold up in power, Kamma began to build a city.

Kyoto became not only a political, but also the religious center of the country. Here, among themselves, they led the hostility several sect supporters of Buddhism. The rich clans built mansions and garden buildings here, which, despite all the dangers of World War II, reached us.

Attractions Kyoto

Kyoto city is the most popular Moz Among foreign tourists. And not wonderful, because here it also reigns the atmosphere of medieval peacekeeping, vintage narrow streets filled with souvenir bears, small cafes, and in some areas the clan workshops are open. And even despite the modernization of the city, tourists fall "in the past."

Kyoto is famous for its temples and parks, let's consider the most popular of them:

• Reangi is the most famous sight of Kyoto. Temple complex, with a well-known world.
• Kinkakuji - Golden Temple, Golden Pavilion. At the debit of the segunate was built in the XIV century. Unfortunately, only a pavilion remained from the entire palace complex, the current heritage of Japan.
• Kömizuder - a church of clean water. Here is always crowded, many visitors from different edges globe, wish to admire the views from the wooden observation deck, built without a single nail! She served as a scene - a place of action of various vintage events. On the territory of the temple there is a ritual waterfall, which by legend protects the temple from evil spirits. And on the territory of the temple, there is a special place where you need to go through the absolute darkness (so dark that nothing can be seen at all, but to use light instruments is prohibited), a kind of test, at the end of which you will see the sacred stone and can make a desire.
• Nidzedze - Castle-Official Residence of Tokugawa Segunate. Symbolizes unshakable power and power of Tokugawa's house. The palace is decorated in a classic Japanese style.
• Ginkakuji is a silver pavilion (on the photo from above). Lined into the stage of the golden century of Japanese art. This is one of the most important treasures of the country. Deep and darkened traits of the temple, exactly repeats the reflection in the nearby lake.

How to get

From the current capital of Japan Tokyo, you can get to Kyoto in just two hours. To do this, you need to sit on high-speed train At the Tokyo station or at Sinagawa station. The total distance between Tokyo and Kyoto is 513 kilometers. The fare depends on the place in the train.

Nara is easiest to get from Kyoto by Jr. The time the path takes only 45 minutes. For convenience, you should buy a railway ticket in advance.

Unfortunately, there is no direct route from Tokyo to Nara. In any case, you will have to get either before Kyoto or to Osaka. Therefore, if you plan, it is possible to stay better there and from there to travel to Nara and Kyoto, it will be much more convenient.

On this I hurry to finish, we learned about the most popular tourist cities - The ancient capitals of Japan: Nara and Kyoto. Travel, recognize the new and share your impressions! If you liked the article, subscribe to the blog and advise him to friends. Total of the best!

Lika Ridid

Tokyo city is not only a political, but also a large cultural and scientific center of the country. This one of the largest in it lives more than 13 million people. Modern capital In recent decades, Japan has become an international financial and economic center, and continues to evolve.

The city begins his history from the construction of the fort in the 12th century. Several times he was exposed to strong destruction from powerful earthquakes, a large part was destroyed in the period of the second world bombardment. But by the middle of the last century, the capital of Japan was completely restored, industrial enterprises and scientific institutions earned. Today, almost all major enterprises are transferred to the city trait, only high-tech and high-tech production are left.

Attractions Tokyo

The most famous attraction of the city is considered Imperial palace, whose construction was started back in the 16th century. In it today, the emperor of Japan lives with his family. The territory of the Palace is decorated with a magnificent garden equipped with a national style.

The capital of Japan is famous for numerous religious complexes, only number 2953. One of their most famous is the Shinto Temple of Meiji, surrounded by a magnificent park.

Beautiful views of the city can admire watching sites Tenerbashni, with good weather, the mountain Fuji is visible from here - the symbol of Japan. The most popular objects with tourists are considered: Poison Pope with water attractions, the Japanese Zoo Tama, the electronic town of Akihabar.

The ancient capital of the country

Currently, Tokyo is the capital of Japan, and in the entire history of the country there were four of them. First, the political centers of the Japanese state were Kamakura and Nara, then they became the city of Kyoto. Since 1896, this status has moved to Edo, as Tokyo was called before.

The city of Nara is the only ancient capital of Japan, who managed to preserve his primary appearance. The ancient monasteries here allow you to see the shrines of early Buddhism. The most famous of them is the monastery of Khoryuji. IN temple complex Todaji is a grand bronze buddha statue.

Another former capital of the country is the city of Kamakura, located on the ocean coast, has become a resort center with numerous restaurants and hotels. It is decorated with two hundred temples. Main attraction ancient City - Majestic bronze under the open sky, cast in the 13th century.

The city of Kyoto, in the past, the capital of Japan, now turned into an administrative center of the eponymous prefecture. In the 13th century, he was known as a major cultural and religious center. It was famous for skillful artisans, made porcelain and ceramic products, accessories for temples and tea ceremonies, silk products, high-quality paper and much more. High reputation of goods from Kyoto remains to date.

One of the ancient capitals of Japan, remaining in pristine form, is Nara. She was the capital from 710 to 794, was considered the center of Buddhism and the eastern paragraph of the Great Shelkovaya Path. Then Nara was called Hagezo-ko. Buddhist temples and monasteries, the Sanctuary of Shintoists, were built on its territory, but in the 9th century the city stopped developing. The center of merchants and artisans, and subsequently, prefecture, Nara became in 1887.

Among the attractions of Nara, there is a building built by Emperor in 725 by Todai-ji. The complex includes several pagodas and temples, gates and Hall of the Great Buddha (Daibuz Dan), where among others, the statue of Buddha Wairochan is 16 meters from bronze. This hall is considered the largest wooden structure in the world, and the statue is the biggest bronze statue of the Buddha. The architecture of the hall is also of interest. This complex of buildings is the center of the Count School. UNESCO Temple is included in the list of world heritage sites.

The main temple of Todai-Dzi is built in 669 Cofu-Ji. Based on the temple as the Fujian family house. In times, when Nar was the capital, the complex has greatly expanded its area and had 175 structures on its territory. Later fires and wars of steirc from the face of the earth most buildings. The five-story pagoda of 725 years remained, which is the second in the country in height, the East Golden Hall and storing a lot of sculptures of the Buddha North and Southern Octagonal Halls. Cofuku-Ji is one of the seven largest temples of the south of the country. Also protected by UNESCO as an object world Heritage.

One of the main centers of Soto School in Japan is the Sanctuary of Kasuga-Tisya. Fujiwar's dynasty founded him as a family sanctuary in 710. Shintoists follow the ideas about revival and purity, so the structure is almost 50 times during the existence of existence. The road to the chapel on both sides has stone lanterns, twice a year traditionally lit, and in the courtyard of the temple there are extraordinary lights from bronze. Here are often submitted with national dances and music. On the this moment The idols have no relation to Fujivara, but there are still high-ranking faces of the country (ministers, representatives of the imperial family and the highest ranks of the state are still coming here. The festivities that pass in Qasuge are, are appreciated by the Japanese and are part of the culture.

Tosedia Ji is a monastery founded in 759 by the famous Chinese monk Gandi. The statue of the blind monk Gandi and many other sculptures, including the statue of the goddess Cannon, is kept here. Officially, he was given the tradition of Singon, but follows the school Rissu. It is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The temple of Yakusi-Dzhi includes: central hall, lecture hall and 2 pagodas. Almost untouched from the time of foundation, the Eastern Pagoda of the 730 year inside keeps the buddha sculpture. It has three tiers, but it seems six-storey outside.

Nar Park is known for living in it 1000 hand deer. According to the legend, the first emperor of Japan Jimmu came down from heaven, sitting on a deer. Since then, deer in Nara and in general in Japan are considered to be sacred animals.

IN National Museum Nara, founded in 1870, there is a very large collection of items of Buddhist art, these are statues, books, paintings. Each year, on the visitors held by the Museum, the visitors are presented with jewels from the seoral repository (located in Todai-ji), which belonged to the Emperor Syum.

It is worth visiting the Nara Mati area, which is considered to be a quarter of artisans. A cultural center is founded in one of the houses of the district.