Hawaiian islands eruption. Hawaiian volcanoes

Mauna Loa is the most large volcano Earth. It is located at an altitude of more than 4 km above sea level, and its long underwater slopes descend to the seabed for more than an additional 5 km. This huge volcano covers half of one of Hawaiian Islands.

Ancient, big and very active

Mauna Loa is one of the most active Earth volcanoes, which everacted 33 times since its first well-documented historical eruption in 1843. The last time it was in 1984. Its area is more than 5 thousand square kilometers. The approximate time of the first ancient subeer eruptions is about 400-700 million years ago.

Where is the biggest volcano in the world?

Mauna Loa or "Long Mountain" in Gawaii is located on the island of Hawaii. This is one of the most active Earth volcanoes. It's really high and big MountHalfing half the island on which it is located. Mauna Loa volcano consists mainly of the type of breed, known as the Tweet Basalt.

First mention

The earliest written mention of Mauna Loa eruption dates back to 1780, shortly after the first visit of Captain Cook on the island. The stream of Lava, which was able to observe in 1855-1856, is one of the largest events ever seen. In 1868, an eruption and earthquakes were officially documented in Hawaii in 8 points according to modern standards.

Famous Shield Vulcan

Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii is called a shield volcano. And there are certain reasons. In its form it is relatively long, flat and low volcano. This is all because when the lava is eruption is not thrown out with the explosions, which would gradually formed a steep, cone-shaped volcano for a long time, and exudes streams that fit a huge territory. Does this volcano do less dangerous? Similar seeping can also be rather destructive. Running down the slope of the flows can be imposed on the clock, irreparable harm to both a person and his property. So, in 1950, the nearby village and local highway was destroyed by eurant.

Volcano continues to grumble

In 2016, a number of earthquakes were recorded, but there is nothing unusual. For this area, this is the norm. And the place where Mauna Loa is located today is carefully controlled, because Hawaii are popular Moz For holidays, and no one wants to be caught by surprise volcanic eruption. Local places are a great place for tourists.

One of five volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands

In the Hawaiian Islands, where the Mauna Loa volcano is, there are another 4 volcanoes, two of which have not yet shown signs of activity. The most frightening is that it is very difficult to predict where the following eruption will occur both from the point of view of time and in terms of the danger zone. Therefore, just in case a special evacuation center was created. Despite the fact that Mauna Loa does not explode and does not produce in the eruption of large garbage emissions or ash clouds, its lava flows can still be a major threat.

Features of climate

Impressive ancient volcano It was also an active force in the formation of both the Hawaiian landscape and its culture. His troubled temper and the presence in general have big influence On the climate of these places. Winds blow from east to west through the whole island.

For the eastern half of the volcano, frequent rains and lush tropical vegetation are characteristic.

The Western side of Mauna Loa (it can be seen in the article) significantly land and more meager on flora and fauna. Above in the mountains, the temperature drops, from time to time you can see the snow and ice growths.

Mythology

The indigenous people of the ancient Hawaii were inspired by Mauna Loa and considered it with fear and admiration. This is not surprising that some of the most popular and durable Hawaiian myths are associated with volcanic activity.

The Hawaiian goddess Pele was a cruel and fiery woman who was read and feared. She personified fire, lightning, violence and, most importantly, the eruption of volcanoes.

According to the legend, the goddess of Pele lived in a crater at the top of Mauna Loa, from where he managed by all natural processes.

On the slopes of the majestic volcano, the statues and altars were built in her honor, and people brought her victims and raised their prayers to throw the Divine and prevent the fire to destroy their homes and villages.

Such an attitude is still felt in Hawaii and today, people still have trepidating fear and huge respect for Mauna Loa.

While beautiful sand beaches Attracting tourists in Hawaii, the true travelers go a little further coast, deep into to look at no less exciting volcanoes. And none of them is as big as Mauna Loa.

An exciting tour of the volcano

Most of Mauna Loa is located in the National Park of Hawaiian Volcanoes, where you can easily make a number of excellent pictures to everyone. But a campaign to the very top of a volcano, which usually takes about two exhaust days, forces only experienced tourists. The park is always open, but the path to Mauna Loa sometimes overlap for security reasons.

In the vicinity of the volcano, many towns and villages continue to be built. Their base serves as a lava, spewing the last two hundred years. And this is despite the fact that there is a sufficiently high probability of repeated eruptions that are able to lead to total destruction of nearby settlements.

National Park Hawaiian volcanoes is a vivid evidence of the activities of volcanic processes that took place for 70 million, as a result of which the Hawaiian Islands were formed with unique complex Ecosystems. The park includes 1.309 km2 territory extending from the sea level to the heights of the largest volcanoes on the planet: Mauna Loa with a height of 4169 m and Kilauea, the most active volcano in the world, giving a scientist understanding of the origin of the Hawaiian Islands, and for tourists serves as a favlement of unique volcanic landscapes.

The climate of the park is very diverse: from tropical rain forests to arid and fruitless desert Kau. About half of the territory of the National Park is a wilderness intended for hiking tourism and camping. In recognition of his outstanding natural values, Hawaiian volcanic national park was awarded the status of international biosphere Reserve In 1980, and in 1987 he hit the list world Heritage UNESCO. The unique park landscapes annually attract about 2.5 million tourists.

History of the National Park Hawaiian Volcanoes.

First Representative of the West, English Missionary William Ellis and American Asa Treston, visited volcano Kilauea. In 1823. Ellis describes his first impression from the erupting volcano: "An amazing, even terrifying spectacle appeared before our eyes. We stopped and trembled from fear. Surprise and fear told us for a few minutes, and, as a statue, we frozen motionlessly, the eyes were chained to the abyss below. " Since then, millions of tourists visited the Park Hawaiian volcanoes to watch the movement of hot lava flows. Numerous eruptions and streams of Lava attract here both specialists and scientists and simple travelers.

Starting from the 1840s, Kilauea volcano became a tourist attraction. Local businessmen Benjamin Pitman and George Likurg built hotels for tourist reception. William R. Castle first suggested the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a park in 1903 Lorrrin Tereston, who at that time owned the advertiser Honolulu's newspaper. In 1907, 50 members of the Congress and their families visited the Hawaiian Islands. They visited the volcanoes of Khalikal and Kilauea, where they prepared lunch on the paired lava water holes. The Governor Hawaii Walter Freater proposed a bill to create a "Kilauea National Park" in 1911. Treston and local landselner William Herbert Shipman marked the estimated borders of the future park, but stumbled upon resistance from the Rancho owners located in the area. Then Treston enlisted support from one of the most famous defenders of the conservation of Nature of John Mwer, known at the time of the statesman and historian Henry Cabota and the former US President Theodore Roosevelt. After several unsuccessful attempts, the draft law on the creation of the park, in the end, was approved. The resolution of Congress at number 9525 was signed by Woodrow Wilson on August 1, 1916. He became 11 in the account of the National Park in the United States and the first in Hawaii. Initially, he was called Hawaii National Park, and on September 22, 1960 he separated from the Haulkal National Park and received the name of the Hawaiian Volcano National Park. In 2004, an additional 468.58 km2 was added to the territory of the National Park, increasing it, thus, by 56%. It was the largest purchase of land in Hawaii's history. The plot was purchased for $ 21.9 million.

Hawaiian Islands were formed in the ocean millions of years ago due to volcanic processes. Today, the Hawaiian Volcano National Park on the Big Hawaii Island is one of the few places on the planet, where a person may face face to face with a valid volcano. Park provides an opportunity without risk to learn Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, thanks to which Hawaii are one of the largest tourist regions in the world.

Most volcanoes in the world have a conical shape. Unlike them, in Hawaii, panel volcanoes are dominated, which were formed as a result of numerous eruptions of liquid lava, formed a gentle shield. The shield form is inherent in volcanoes throwing basalt Lava, since it, as a rule, has a lower viscosity and spreads to remote distances from the site of the eruption. Good example Such volcanoes are Mauna Loa, the largest volcano in terms of the planet covering the half of the largest island in Hawaii.

Today, Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park is a landmark number one on the islands. He is a real living museum, where visitors can personally make sure the underground forces of nature. Here you can feel the supernatural strength of nature while traveling along the rocky trails and desert areas, which over time will cover violent vegetation and form various forms of life.

Currently there are three acting volcanoes in Hawaii. In the territory of the National Park, Hawaiian volcanoes are located Maunaloa and Kilauea. Another volcano Loihi is under water on southern coast Great Island Hawaii. Hanging since 1996, he can cause the formation of a new island through tens of thousands of years, and add 9 island to the Hawaiian Islands chain. Mauna Loa - is the most large volcano On the planet from the point of view of volume and area covered with lava, and one of five volcanoes that form the island of Hawaii. Hawaiian name Mauna Loa means " Long mountain". The erupting lava is scanty on silicon, and therefore liquid and fluid. As a result of this eruption, they are usually not explosive, and the volcano has a relatively gentle slope.
Most last eruption The Mauna Loa volcano occurred from March 24 to April 15, 1984. His latest emissions did not cause human victims, but the eruptions of 1926 and 1950 destroyed many nearby villages. Mauna Loa is intensively controlled by the Hawaiian Volcanic Observatory since 1912. Observations are carried out in the Mauna Loa Observatory, located near his vertices.

Kilauea is the youngest of volcanoes on the big island of Hawaii, formed over the past 100 years. His caldera is surrounded by 17 km of road, which provides easy access to fantastic attractions that are contained in it. For visitors to National Park Hawaiian Volcanoes, Kilauea is a landmark number one for a number of reasons: this is one of the most active volcanoes on the planet, which provides an excellent opportunity to watch the delicious spectacle of the movement of the lava, and it is relatively safe for visiting, since its eruptions do not have an explosive.

Kilauea's name in Hawaii means "throws" or "scatters a lot." The height of the volcano reaches 1247 m, and the caldera is almost 5 km of length and about 3.6 km width. Lava constantly follows from the volcano from January 3, 1983. Currently, Kilauea is the most active volcano on the planet and an invaluable resource for volcanologists. It is also considered the most commonly visited volcano on the planet. The volume of lava, leaked from the volcano, sufficient to pave the road around the earth's surface three times. Kilauea is the last of the volcanic series, which formed the Hawaiian archipelago.

Kilauea volcano and his caldera were traditionally considered the sacred home of Pele, the goddesses of Hawaiian volcanoes. The time for centuries Haitians visited this crater to pay their generous goddes. Legends say that the eruptions occur when the goddess is angry. Such concepts are included in tribal chants and are often used by local inhabitants of the islands. In 1790, the squad of the local tribe warriors, along with women and children who were on this territory, got under unusually powerful eruption Volcano. Many died, while others left their traces on the lava, which can be fine today.

Hawaiian volcanoes are marked in the history of the Hawaiian Islands. On the territory of the Park in 1923, the first one in Hawaii was built, designed to receive aircraft. In the 1930s, the Civilian Corps of Protection worked on the territory of the Park Hawaiian Volcanoes ambient, the main objective which was aimed at saving natural resources parka. The infrastructure of the National Park created in those years is used to today. The scars of the Second World War is visible in those areas where military pilots have worked out the practice of applying bomb shocks. In the territory of the Kilauea military camp contained prisoners of World War II soldiers.

Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park retains culture local residents Islands and protects numerous archaeological monuments - material reminders of the indigenous peoples, forever connected with this land.

On the territory of the park there are two most active volcanoes in the world - Mauna Loa (height 4.170 m) and Kilauea. Volcanic eruptions Create a continuously changing landscape, lava flows form amazing geological formations. The park is the habitat of rare bird species, the unique forests of giant ferns are growing here.

Hawaiian Islands crowned underwater volcanic ridge and are the current volcanoes highest on Earth. Volcanic activity on the largest island of the archipelago, Hawaii Island, continues at present. Here is the Hawaiian Volcano National Park.

Hawaiian volcanoes are the US National Park created in 1916 on the island of Hawaii, the largest of the Hawaiian Islands.

Kilauela Volcano, the main volcano of the park, traditionally considered the sacred home of the goddess of the Pelle Volcano. Hawaiians visited Crater to bring gifts goddesses. The first white people rose to that volcano only in 1823, they became English Missionary William Ellis and American Asa Treston. That's what Ellis wrote later about the caldera of the volcano: "The performance sublighted and even a terrifying appeared before us. We stopped with trembling. Surprise and reverence in other moments made us to silence, and, as a statue, we froze in one place and our views were chained to The abyss under us. " Caldera Kilauela looks like a fiery fluid lake with an area of \u200b\u200b4.5 square kilometer and in excess of 230 meters. Kilauela is one of the most active volcanoes of the world. He cannot calm down since 1983. Thomas Jegger at the edge of that caldera arranged a museum. Exhibits are all that relates to volcanoes - scientific equipment, clothing used by volcories and so on. From some windows of the museum there is a wonderful view of Calaouela Caldera and Crater Galehaumau. The museum is called Jegg, who was the first head of the Hawaiian volcanic observatory adjacent to the museum. But for tourists, the entrance to the observatory is closed. In the park you can see the results of hundreds of thousands of years of volcanic activity. Which shaped the islands themselves and their environmental system. The park covers all heights - ranging from the sea level to the top of the island - Maun Loa volcano (4169). And Kilauea Volcano, one of the most active, gives scientists about the birth of the Hawaiian Islands and brings thoughts about the first volcanic landscapes. The park includes 1348 square kilometers.

Volcanic park, founded in 1916, is located in the south-east of the Great Island. The flesh of the park is 1348 sq. Km. Here you can see the Hawaiian jungle with gigantic ferns, unique volcanic formations, smoking crater.

The Park is a Volcanological Museum, where films demonstrate free daily for free. The main attraction of the Kilauea Caldera Volcano Park with its own steam cracks, sulfur evaporation and periodic eruptions. Two of his neighbor, less active volcano Mauna Loa and the dormant volcano Maun Kea are towering about 4200m. above sea level, while their foundation rests on the ocean day, and this is about 4800m. Maun Kea is the most high mountain The world, if you measure it from the foot on the ocean day.

A unique park landscape is formed by volcanic activities. Travelers have a unique opportunity to see both sleeping volcanoes whose slopes are already covered with tropical forests and active, smoking crater. The frozen dark volcanic lava is a huge black river slides into the ocean, blocking the road, and forms a bizarre coastline. In a place where the lava falls into the ocean, couples climbs in the air and arches are formed. The unusualness of the landscape and his desert creates a feeling as if you were on the edge of the earth.

Olivina, found after the volcanic eruption. Source Photo: Twitter, @ geoetc2

When an active eruption of a volcano began in Hawaii, the whole world spoke about the natural incident. Photos and videos of the frightening and at the same time fascinating spectacle flew around the whole world. However, now there is a new reason for discussion: apparently, Kilauea gave the inhabitants of the Great Island with rain from precious stones.

Olivina ( common name Miser to which Chrysolites include, they are periodotes) are found in nature very often, they are mined in many countries on different continents. In Hawaii, there are even beaches, the sand of which casts green due to a large number of olivine grains, weathered from basalt rocks. Although, of course, the stones of jewelry quality - - find it is much more difficult.

Even on the topic

Gems Pantone colors for spring-summer 2015

Green from Sand Olivines on the beach in Hawaii

Green Sand Olivines with Hawaiian Beach

Probably, during the eruption of Olivina volcano, usually born at a depth of about 400 meters, were thrown onto the surface with Loo. Considering that it is usually difficult to separate these stones from the breed, it is a sharp and fast release of a hot and very fast cooling lava freed the pieces of mineral by sending them to a free flight. Now the inhabitants of all the island's nearest to the volcano find a dozen tiny olivines per day.

It is worth noting that today is actively discussed by another position regarding the "precious rain" in Hawaii. Some scientists are inclined to the fact that the inhabitants of the island mistakenly adopted pieces of the cooled green lava for Olivina, and the stones found, most likely lay on the surface from the past eruption of another volcano - Capoche.

If you want to find a lot of olivines, the best way is to go on one of local beacheswhere nature has already done all the work for us ...

Scott Rowland, Geologist

Hawaii on fire - Since the beginning of May, the Volcano Kilauea will not stop erupting the Big Island. Because of seismic activity, another 13 volcanoes surround the archipelago. Now near Hawaii, it is impossible not only to fly (the ashes of the volcano can score into the engines of the aircraft), but also swim, because the lava rivers flow into the water Pacific OceanBy forming toxic clouds.

Big Island Hawaii from the beginning of the month remains in the disaster zone. There is a raging one of the most active existing volcanoes In the world of Kilauea.

For three weeks, Lava flows spread 24 kilometers and reached the Pacific Ocean. When contact with lava sea \u200b\u200bwater boils, forming clouds of acid evaporation, aqueous steam and glass particles.

Boiling water throws fiery fountains and fragments of lava. Splashes take off to a height of up to 30 meters.

However, before reaching the ocean, Lava destroyed about 50 residential buildings on its way and dozens of other buildings.

Due to the eruption from the territory, raised by the volcano, more than 2 thousand inhabitants were evacuated and the air transportation was canceled.

The lava rivers approached the geothermal power plant, providing a large island of 25% of all electricity. After that, the element reached the water about 5 kilometers east of the power plant.

On the eastern coast Islands You can observe lava fountains that are pulled out of cracks in a depth of 40 meters. Three weeks ago, the cracks were erupted not so intense. Volcanologists explained that then the remaining magma from past eruptions came out, and now - fresh lava, whose streams will erupt more powerful and higher.

Now the height of the Lava fountains can reach 100 meters, and volcanologists are confident that this is not the limit. In 1955, Kilauea eruption lasted several months, and now the story may repeat.

The authorities distribute masks that protect people from volcanic ash. This week, the first victim from the eruption appeared on the island. The man standing on the balcony of the third floor, received a serious trauma of his legs from the spray of lava.

Now the situation has deteriorated from the fact that methane began to leave from under the ground, it flashes and lights up. At any time, everything can end the explosion.

But at the same time it is not necessary to overestimate the scale of the eruption: one of the users Reddit clearly demonstrated them by publishing the following picture.