Czech Republic (Czech Republic)

Introduction

Czech Republic, geographical abbreviation name (abbreviation CR), Czech writing Česká Republika. (abbreviation Čr. or Česko.), English International Writing Czech Republic.(abbreviation CZ.) is a state located on the territory of Czech lands or in Central Europe. January 1, 1969, the Czech Socialist Republic was officially formed in the federalization of Czechoslovakia, and from 6 March 1990 the current name was assigned to the Czech Republic. On January 1, 1993, in connection with the collapse of Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic became a full-fledged subject of international law and the first Constitution of the Czech Republic entered into force on the same date. The Czech Republic is a parliamentary republic, a democratic legal state with a liberal state regime and a political system based on free competition of political parties and movements. The head of state is the president. The only senior legislative body is the two-bearet parliament of the Czech Republic. The state supports the basic principles of liberalism, capitalism, market economy and free market. Czech Republic is in the list of developed countries. In accordance with economic, social and political indicators, such as GDP per capita, the human development index, the presses index, the freedom index from Internet censorship, the Czech Republic was assigned a very high rating among world countries. Economically, the World Bank, the Czech Republic was introduced into a group of 31 richest countries in the world with the highest financial income, the Czech Republic has some of the best indicators compared to other states in the share of the population living below the poverty line. Czech Republic has relatively low inequality indicators between rich and poor, as well as relatively balanced indicators distribution of wealth among the majority of the population. The unemployment rate is low in comparison with indicators of other developed countries. The environmental harm index is significantly lower than the average for Europe.

Independence date (from Czechoslovakia)	January 1, 1993
Motto	Pravda Vítězí (truth triumph)
Anthem	"KDE DOMOV MůJ" (where my house)
Capital	Prague
Other major cities	Plzen, Brno, Czech Budioevice, Ostrava, Olomouc, Pardubice, Grades Gradec Kralov, Liberec, Usti over Lab
Area	78,867 sq. Km. (2% water surface) - 115th place in the world
The highest point	Mountain Snow (1602 m)
Timezone	+2 hours from MSK
Population	10,505,445 people (as of January 1, 2012)
Population density	133 people / sq.km (82 people / sq. Km - global indicator)
Human Development Index	▲ 0,873 (very high) (28th place 2013)
Official language	Czech
Other languages	Slovenian, Polish, Russian, German, Ukrainian, English
Religion	Without faith 34.2%, Catholics 56%, Orthodox 3.6%, Other 6.2%
State system	Parliamentary republic
The president	Milos Zeman.
Currency	Czech crown (CZK)
GDP per capita:	26125 $ (18th place in the world)
Telephone code	+420
ISO code	CZ.
Internet domain	.cz.

Czech Republic is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Council of Europe, Safety and Cooperation Organization in Europe, European Customs Union, European Union, Schengen Zone, European Economic Union Zones, member of the Visegrad Group and other international structures.

Today, the Czech Republic consists of land (parts) of historical Czech Republicwhich were a significant part of the history under the control of Czech's crown: Bohemia, Moravia (in 1920, the land of Czech Austria were also attached), as well as part of Silesia. Currently the area Czech Republic It is 78,867 km 2. Currently the country is inside european state Without leaving the sea, in the West bordered by Germany (the length of the border is 810 km), north of Poland (762 km), in the east with Slovakia (252 km) and in the south with Austria (466 km). Administratively, the Czech Republic is divided 14 administrative districts (edge). The capital is the city of Prague, which is also one of the 14 districts. In 2012, approximately 10.5 million people were registered in the Czech Republic. The overwhelming majority of people living in the Czech Republic refer themselves to Czech or Moravian nationality.

Content
1.
2.
3.
	3.1.
	3.2.
	3.3.
	3.4.
	3.5.
	3.6.
	3.7.
4.
	4.1.
	4.2.
	4.3.
	4.4.
5.
	5.1.
	5.2.
	5.3.
6. The largest cities of the Czech Republic in population
7. Political system in the Czech Republic
	7.1. Parliamentary Political Parties of the Czech Republic
	7.2. Government of the Czech Republic
8. Administrative division of the Czech Republic
	8.1. Territorial regions
	8.2. Areas
	8.3. Municipalities and districts
	8.4. Nuts.
	8.5. Army
9. Economy
	9.1. Economic development
	9.2. Mining and agriculture
	9.3. Industry
	9.4. Services
		9.4.1. Telecommunication
		9.4.2. Tourism
10. Transport
	10.1. Air Transport
	10.2. Road haulage
	10.3 . Railway transport
	10.4. Water transport
	10.5. Transportation of energy resources
11. Culture
	11.1. Literature
	11.2. Theatre
	11.3. Movie
	11.4. Music
	11.5. Fine Arts
12. Other characteristics of the Czech Republic
	12.1. The science
	12.2. Education
	12.3. Sport
	12.4. Kitchen
	12.5. Vacations and holidays

1. The history of the formation of states on the land of the Czech Republic.

The first documented state structure on the territory of the current Czech Republic was formed in the second half of the 9th century - Big Moravia. When the Great Moravia (approximately 907) disappeared under the onslaught of nomadic Hungarian tribes, state focus of development shifted to the Czech Republic (Bohemia). Local rulers from the species of Prezhyslovski built a medieval "Prezhyslovskoye" state, also called both the Czech state, and from the fracture of the 10th and 11th century, which are part of the Sacred Roman Empire. Since 1526, Czech lands were gradually incorporated into the empire of the Habsburgs, whose rulers used the victory on the White Mountain (1620) to the final elimination of the last residues of the former independence. From 1749 to the end of the First World War, namely until 1918, the Czech kingdom, Moravian marking, the top duchy and lower silesia, which, however, were not interconnected by the lands of Habsburg remained. Since 1804, these lands were part of Austria, and then, since 1867, the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1918, after military-political actions, the Czechoslovakia state was created on the basis of cultural and linguistic proximity, which included the land of Czech and Slovak. Czechoslovakia immediately after the emergence limits the freedom of its lands, which, with the exception of Slovakia, had their own laws, statutes, parliaments, and becomes a strictly centralized state. Czech lands were part of it until 1992, that is, before the collapse of Czechoslovakia. The Czech Republic was officially created on January 1, 1969 in the framework of the federalization of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic called the Czech Socialist Republic. Revolutionary political changes after November 1989 were not only to change the name of the Federation (Czech and Slovak Federal Republic), but also the Czech Republic (March 1990, the Czech Republic, after the adoption of the Constitution, the word "socialist" was removed). The decay of Czechoslovakia passed without a referendum, the first of January 1993 was terminated by the Federation Education Agreement. State Councils of Czechoslovakia became the state Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. At the same time, he entered the first to history, its own, the constitution of the Czech Republic.

2. Titles and state symbols of the Czech Republic

About the territory on which the Czech Republic is now located, it is customary to say as "Land Czech", which is an auxiliary historical and geographical term, which is used as a common term for the corresponding geographic Czech Republic (that is, three historically Czech land - Czech Republic (Bohemia), Moravia and the Czech part of Silesia). The term is based on the traditional, historical, geographical separation of political entities in the territory of the modern Czech Republic, which lasted from the Middle Ages and until 1928 (when Moravia and Czech Silesia were combined into one Moravskoslezské region), after 1948, when the Moravosles region was abolished, "land Czech "already denoted the Czech part of the Czechoslovakian state. The concept of "Czech lands" has now been expanded and included part of Czech Austria, which until 1919 were as part of "Lower Austria".

The official name of the country in the Constitution is the Czech Republic, the Czech Single Title in the Constitution, the Czech Republic is not used at all, part of the Society of the Czech Republic refuses to use the word "Czech Republic" as the designation of the state. The first use of the "Czech Republic" expression dated in 1777 as a synonym for the word "Bohemia", as the official designation of the Czechoslovak Federation, the word appeared in Czech in 1978. During the national revival, the form "Czech" obtained from the word "Czech Republic" (and the use of the word "Czech" was recognized as not right), in general, the word "Czech Republic" is a translation from the Latin word "Bohemia". Because of the traditions, the words "Czech Republic" are still used in turnover, as well as adjective "Czech".

State Symbols of the Czech Republic - a large and small coat of arms, the State Flag (Czech Republic after the collapse of Czechoslovak federation took over the original flag of Czechoslovakia, as Slovakia was not interested in the further use of this attribute), the presidential stage, state seal, state colors of the Republic and the National Hymn "Where is my house?". State symbols indicate the traditions of the medieval Czech state (symbol), the Gusitsky movement (the slogan on the President of the President), the National Revival (Anthem) and the Democratic Czechoslovakia (flag).

The name "Czech Republic" occurred as a result of the simplification of the word "Czech" obtained from the adjective "Czech", (although historically, the original writing is read as "Czechs", which in Latin denotes "Bohemia"). The documented record "Czech Republic" was subsidized in the 18th century, from the 19th century is also mentioned as the name "Czech lands". In this status, the word "Czech Republic" since 1938 began to use the Moravian linguist French Trashnishek. In the dictionary of the literary Czech language of 1960, the word "Czech Republic" is used both as the designation of the state and as the designation of the Bohemia region, at the same time it is called obsolete. The 1978 Dictionary uses the word "Czech Republic" only as the Bohemia region. In the spring of 1993, Czech administration of geodesy, cartography and cadastre on behalf of the government appointed to use the word "Czech Republic" as the abbreviated name "Czech Republic". After fierce disputes in support of Czech geographical society And, despite opposition to President Gavel and other figures, the term was significantly expanded, but did not give him the official status.

3. HISTORY

3.1. Firstbutclear settlements

Presumably the territory of the current Czech Republic was populated by a person about 750000 years ago. About the population of the territory of the Czech Republic since 28,000 BC Confirms a number archaeological finds. From the third century BC. Inhabited this area of \u200b\u200bthe Celts (Boyi), and in the first century AD German tribes (marcomas and quads) came.

From the end of the fifth century, the first Slavs appeared on the territory of the current Czech Republic. In the 7th century, the Slavic tribes have formed the state "Self" (approximately 623-659), although the state itself was more like a large union of tribes. Between 830 - 833, on the lands of Moravia, Slovakia, Hungary in the north and west of Transcarpathia, the Empire of Great Moravia was created, which gradually subjugated to himself and the Czech Republic (890 - 894), Silesia, Puddles, Small Poland and the rest of Hungary. Great Moravia was the first state education in the territory of the modern Czech Republic. In 894, the Czech Republic left under the control of Great Moravia, and in 906 or 907 he was subjected to a devastating attack of Hungarians.

3.2. Middle Ages and New Time

The origins of the Czech state refer to the second half of the 9th century, when the first, documented, Czech Prince from the Premislovitsky dynasty, Borgeng I. During the 10th and 11th century, the state was consolidated in connection with which they were The territory of Moravia is attached. The Czech principality gradually appeared signs of a more or less independent state as part of the Middle Ages Sacred Roman Empire (Praguscon of the Bishopria was founded in 973, the National Saints became Saint Waclav).

Czech kingdom appeared only in 1198, when the German king acknowledged the heredity of the Czech royal title, which then admitted the emperor, dad, and in 1212 the Golden Sicilian Bulla was signed, which he secured at the King of the Czech Republic, the rejemis of Ottokar I had his royal title and set his heredity And also granted other privileges of the Czech kingdom. The Czech ruler should continue to be released from all obligations towards the Sacred Roman Empire right up to participation in imperial meetings. Premysl Otakar II significantly expanded his possession which now extended for the Alps already up to the Adriatic Sea. Vaclav II turned his attention to the north and east, where he managed to get Poland land with access to Baltic Sea.And his son Vaclav III, joined Hungarian territories. His maximum grandeur, the Czech kingdom reached during the rule of the latter from the genus Pregelovich and Karl IV. (1316-1378), which in 1348 secured the borders of the land of the Czech crown and joined Brandenburg (in 1415), the puddles (in 1635) and Silesia (in 1742).

After burning Master Yana Gus in 1415 in German Constance, the rivalry between Catholics and Gusites turned into open hostility and events led to the Gusitsky Wars. Hussites founded the city of Tabor, which became the center of the Gusitsk Revolution. Yang Zhiwhi from Trozznova and Prokop naked were able to reflect all four crusades to the Czech Republic. The war was discontinued after signing the agreement between the Basel Cathedral and Gusites in 1436.

In 1526 he joined the Czech throne of the Habsburg Dynasty, which included the country to the monarchy of the Habsburgs. In 1547 and 1618, armed uprising occurred for the sovereignty of the Czech Protestant state. Defenstration (throwing out of the window) Imperial governors in 1618 was the cause of the thirty-year war. Troops Czech state in 1620 in the battle of white grief were defeated, and the remnants of the troops were in captivity were publicly executed in Prague. The violent reactivation began (re-appealing to the Catholic faith) of Czech Protestants. Most of the Czech nobility and intelligentsia became faithful supporters of Habsburgs. Until the middle of the 17th century, the population declined to the Czech Republic (Bohemia) and Moravia from 2.6 million to 1.5 million people. In 1627, a new collection of laws was adopted in the Czech Republic, according to which the royal hereditary title was received, as the only permitted religion was declared Catholic and German received the status of the second state language On Roven with Czech language.

The proclamation of the Land of the Czech Crown was canceled in 1749 by Maria Terezia, however, Czech kings continued to be crushed within the framework of the Czech kingdom. In 1781, Joseph II reforms led to the abolition of serfdom, as well as spoiled religious tolerance in society. From the 17th century and before the beginning of the 19th century, processes took place to centralize the monarchy. Such centralization helped the German language to be dominant in the management of the state and the church. In response to the Germanization of Culture and Language, the end of the 18th century became the beginning of the Epoch of the Czech National Renaissance, attempts were made to restore Czech culture and language, and then to obtain political force representing the interests of the Czech ethnic group. In the second half of the 19th century, occurred in the Czech Republic and an important economic and cultural ascent. Most (about 70%) of the Austria-Hungary industry was concentrated in the Czech Republic.

3.3. Pre-war czechoslovakia

First world War 1,500,000 people came from Czech districts, of which 138,000 were killed by protecting the monarchy and about five and a half thousand people who fought as part of foreign legions. More than 90,000 volunteers have formed Czechoslovak Legion in France, Italy and Russia, where they fought against the central powers, and then against the Bolsheviks. After the defeat of Austria-Hungary on October 28, 1918 Czech lands, part of the Kingdom of Hungary, Carpathian Russia united, creating a new state Czechoslovakia. Despite the fact that the state was formed primarily on the national basis, nevertheless, the Germans, Hungarians, Poles, as well as Romanians (as part of national minorities) were also included in the state. After gaining independence Czechoslovaki, happened border conflicts On the border with Poland and Hungary, as well as riots in the German regions of the country (Sudeten Germans). Tomash Garrik Mazarik was elected first president of Czechoslovakia. In the period of such creation of the state to the dissolution of the "First Republic", Czechoslovakia was a unitary state and remained the only democratic state in Central Europe.

The German population in border areas, as a result of the Great Depression, Mass Unemployment and intense, Radical Nazi Propaganda, began to be required by Czechoslovakia. The most effort in this area was given to the Sudeo-German Party, headed by Conrad Genlane. Under pressure from Nazi Germany and European powers, in September 1938, Czechoslovakia, according to the Munich Agreement, was forced to give in Germany by the Sundean regions. Southern regions Slovakia and Carpathian Rus Czechoslovakia inferior Hungary, a small part of the Czechoslovak territory (in particular, the region of Teshin Silesia) sent to Poland, so the "second republic" of Czechoslovakia appeared.

3.4. Protectorate of Bohemia (Czech Republic) and Morav

On March 14, 1939 Slovakia announced its independence, and after the occupation by the German troops of March 15, 1939, the remaining part of the Czechoslovak territory (that is, the Czech Republic without Sudeten regionAnnexed in 1938 by Germany, and in the eastern part of the Teshinskaya Silesia, which in 1938 was annexed by Poland) was declared the Bohemia and Moravia Protectorator (there was a very small part of the Czech Silesia around the city of Ostrava and Friedka, the rest of the land in the Protectorate. Including the eastern part of the Czechoslovak Tishinskaya Silisia, were attached to Germany). The German occupation of Czechoslovakia was met by the mass resistance of the population of the country (Czech sources) and groups supported from abroad, to which the Nazis responded by Terror. During the war, the Nazis carried out the policy of forced labor of the Czech labor in Germany, as well as the destruction of the Jewish diaspora in the protectorate. Despite this, it should be noted that the Czech Republic made a very impressive contribution to Germany's success in the first years of war. Lion share of germany weapons, incl. And the tanks, was produced at the factories located in the Czech Republic and on which the Czechs worked, and cases of permit on the factories were single and did not make any significant contribution to the disruption of production. Also, a large number of citizens of the former Czechoslovakia served voluntarily in the SS troops. So, for example, Kurspel Kurt, one of the greatest tank assues of Germany, who destroyed 168 enemy tanks, was from Czechoslovakia. It is worth noting that the partisan movements in the Czech Republic, which appeared almost immediately after the occupation, did not make any significant contribution to the release of Czechoslovakia. Unfortunately, unfortunately, it is not possible to significantly determine the mood of the Czech Republic on the day of the occupation, but based on the measures taken or not undertaken to stop the occupation, it is possible to confidently declare that the Czechs were not against the inclusion of their country in Germany and considered it as a logical continuation of Germanization countries. The only exception can be considered the heroic act of Captain Carla Pavlik, which on March 14, 1939, with his Rota, provided armed resistance to the occupying German troops. He was the only officer who broke the order and had resistance.

3.5. Post-war Czechoslovakia

In May 1945, Czechoslovakia was completely liberated by allies, which marked the official restoration of the Democratic state Czechoslovakia. However, during this period, strange political phenomena occurred in the Czech Republic, such as the expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia to Germany and Austria or the limitations of party competition, extensive nationalization of key enterprises in the field of heavy industry, energy, film industry, banking, insurance companies, large construction companies, and TD .. In February 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia came to power, the country became a totalitarian state and part of the Soviet bloc (East block). The structures of civil society were suppressed from the local management of the regions (1949) to suppressing freedom of speech, press and canceled market relations in the economic life of the country. State nationalization and monetary reform (1953) led to the fact that millions of citizens lost their property. In 1960, the new constitution changed official name Countries on the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Czechoslovak Republic). In the late 50s - 60s, there is a gradual liberalization, which reached its peak in 1968. The period in which the movements aimed at the liberalization of Czechoslovakia are known as Prague Spring. Prague padded was suppressed by the invasion Soviet Union and other countries of the Warsaw Treaty on August 21, 1968. After the invasion, the outflow of the Czech intelligentsia began, many educated people in the democratic countries of Europe were emigrated, which even more accelerated the economic decline in the country, which survived the violent process to the Soviet block. At that time, Czechoslovakia was occupied by the Soviet army, which finally came out of the country only in 1991, i.e. The process of "normalization" launched over 20 years, fully suppressed the feeling of freedom among citizens of the Czech Republic.

Post-war Czechoslovakia was not completely unitary state, but had an asymmetrical structure. On the territory of Slovakia, the "Slovak National Council" was performed by the legislative body, until 1960, the executive body was the "meeting of representatives", while there were no such bodies on the territory of the Czech Republic. While the mutual borders of the Czech Republic, Moravia and Silesia in the post-war period were subjected to regional division, the border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia was prohibited at the legislative level, i.e. The boundaries of Slovakia remained not touched and remained uniform until the end. Some accepted Czech laws and regulations were limited to the territorial coverage of the Czech region. An example is the state environmental law. Slovak National Council, adopted Law No. 1/1955 "Protection of State Natural Resources", valid only for the Slovak region.

3.6. Socialist Republic of the Czech Republic and the Czech Republic in the federation.

The longest state-of-law consequence of Prague Spring was the federalization of the Czech-Social Socialist Republic, established on January 1, 1969, when a unitary state became a federation of two sovereign states - the Czech and Slovenian socialist republics.

The velvet revolution, started on November 17, 1989, overtook the communist regime and provided the opportunity to conduct democratic reforms and restore the freedom of entrepreneurship, but also contributed to a sharp increase in the crime level, a large national debt arose and provoked the decay of the federation. From the name of each federable state in 1990, the word "socialist" and the Czech Republic received its symbolism of the state. Between the two groups of the subjects of the Federation, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, disagreement began to appear very soon, with respect to the two republics there was a split, which ultimately led to the rapid decay of a single state. Czechoslovakia has ceased to exist on December 31, 1992, and the new republics divided the assets and obligations of the former Czechoslovakia. From this period, the Czech Republic and Slovakia exist as two independent states.

3.7. Independent Czech Republic

The subject of international law, the Czech Republic became the first January 1993, after the decay of the federation. Czech Republic joined Western European political structures. On March 12, 1999, the Czech Republic was adopted in NATO and on May 1, 2004 joined the European Union. In 2004, he joined the Schengen Agreement, and on this basis of the 21st December 2007 became part of the Schengen zone.

The existence of the Czech Republic as a subject of international law recognizes the vast majority of the countries of the world. Since its inception and until July 13, 2009, the Czech Republic was not recognized as an independent state of only Liechtenstein. Liechtenstein seeks, as a preliminary condition for recognizing and establishing diplomatic contractual relations with the Czech Republic, to solve property issues (property disputes existed between Liechtenstein and Czechoslovakia since the founding of Czechoslovakia, disputes are associated with the expropriation of the property of Liechtenstein according to Benesh Decree). Liechtenstein made significant efforts to prevent the adoption of the Czech Republic to international organizations, but this activity was not successful.

4. Geography

The Czech Republic is located in Central Europe and borders with four countries: on Western with Germany, in the north with Poland, with Slovakia in the south-east and the southern border is used in conjunction with Austria. The length of the Western border with Germany is 810.7 kilometers, 466.1 km from Austria, with Slovakia 251.8 km and with Poland in the north of 761.8 km. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe Czech Republic is 78,867 km², of which 2% aqueous surface. The Czech Republic on its perimeter has mountains and a hilly area, the highest mountains are in the north, the Mountains of Krkonoshi. The highest point of the Czech Republic is the snow mountain (1602 meters above sea level). In the western part of the Czech Republic, the Elba River (Laba) and Vltava, in the eastern part of the part, takes its origins of the Oder River. Thanks to the rivers, the Czech Republic has access to the North, Baltic and Black Sea. The climate in the Czech Republic is soft, just a week a year is "very" hot and a week a year is "very cold", during the rest of the time the temperature and weather is always comfortable, without sharp fluctuations (in summer the average temperature of +20 degrees, winter -3). Such an ideal climate is obtained by sea and continental influence. Due to the fact that the Czech Republic is surrounded by mountains around the perimeter, the negative impact of winds is significantly reduced, besides, a significant amount of snow falls in the mountains, which makes the Czech Republic by the ski country.

4.1. Geology,geomorphology and soil

Most of the territory belongs to the geologically stable Czech array formed in the fourth geological period of the Paleozoic era of Hercinsk folding. The Western Carpathian region, in the east of the territory, was formed in the last era of tectogenesis of alpine folding.

From the point of view of geomorphology, the Czech Republic is located on the border of two mountain Systems. The central and western part of the Czech Republic are located on the mountain massifs "Český Masiv", mainly consisting of hills and mountains (Shumava, Czech forest, the western mountain, Yizersk Mountain, Krkonosh, Orlyside Mountain, Kralytsky Snowflake, Yeseniki), and in the east of the Czech Republic are Western Carpathians (Beskida). Territory area of \u200b\u200b52817 km2, which is 67% of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe Czech Republic, to be at an altitude of up to 500 meters above sea level, 25222 km2 (32%) at a height of 500 to 1000 meters, and only 827 km2 (1.05%) are at height Above 1000 meters above sea level. The highest place in the Czech Republic is the mountain "Sněžka", 1602 meters above sea level, and the lowest River "Labe" at the city "Hřensko", 115 meters above sea level. Middle height above sea level is 430 meters.

Soil cover of the country is diverse. The most common type of soil in the Czech Republic is "brown soils", on the plains fertile black earth earth.

4.2. Hydrology and climate

Through the territory of the Czech Republic, the chief European watershed of the destruction of the northern, Baltic and Black Sea basin is held. The main river axes are located in Bohemia - Labe (370 km) with Vltava (433 km); in Moravia - River Morava (246 km) with Thaya (306 km); In Silesia, Odra (135 km) with Opawau (131 km).

The climate in the Czech Republic is soft, transitional between the continental and oceanic type. Typical is the alternation of four seasons. Western winds and intensive cyclonic activities prevail. Sea influence manifests itself mainly in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia are more susceptible to continental climatic influences. The greatest impact on the climate in the Czech Republic, has a height above sea level and relief.

4.3. Flora and fauna

Flora and Fauna in the Czech Republic is a classic manifestation of the Middle Economy of the world, which indicates the interpenetration of the guidelines. Forests, mostly coniferous, cover 33% of the total land area.

4.4. Security ambient

The preserved pristine nature is guarded in national parks and reserves. The highest body engaged in the protection and preservation of the environment in the Czech Republic is the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Czech Republic. In the Czech Republic, there are four national parks: Schumava National Park, Krkonosh National Park, National Park Czech Switzerland and underly National Park. Protected territories include: National parks (NP), Protected Landscape Square (CHKO), National Reserves (NPR), Reserves (PR), National Natural Monuments (NPP), Natural Attractions (PP).

Changes in the population in the Czech Republic according to Czech statistical management.
Year	Total population	Change
1857	7,016,531	-
1869	7,617,230	+8,6%
1880	8,222,013	+7,9%
1890	8,665,421	+5,4%
1900	9,372,214	+8,2%
1910	10,078,637	+7,5%
1921	10,009,587	-0,7%
1930	10,674,386	+6,6%
1950	8,896,133	-16,7%
1961	9,571,531	+7,6%
1970	9,807,697	2,5%
1980	10,291,927	+4,9%
1991	10,302,215	+0,1%
2001	10,230,060	-0,7%
2011	10,526,214	+2,9%

5. Population

The birth rate in the Czech Republic is one of the lowest in the world, in 2012 there were 1.27 children per woman. The total population, according to Czech Statistical Office, in the years from 1995 to 2002, it decreased somewhat, currently a total growth near zero (-0.08 in 2003 and + 0.9% in 2004) due to an increase in immigration from abroad, Although the natural increase since 1994 is always negative. The average life expectancy continues slowly increases and exceeds 72 years for men and 79 years for women (grade 2004). 71% of the population lives in cities.

In the last census in 2011, 63.7% of Czech citizens attributed themselves to Czech nationality (86% of those who took themselves to any nationality), which prevails in all parts of the Czech Republic, 4.9% of the population attributed themselves to the Moravian Nationality and 0.1% to Silesian nationality, although the Czech language is used in both nationalities to communicate. According to Czech Statistical Department (CSU), we are talking about the consequences of the division of Czech nationality, as a result of intensive coverage in the media and politicization of the Moravian National Question, so the Moravia Political Party actively uses this issue for its political purposes. Before the 1991 census, it was actually impossible to allocate nations, since there was no graph in which it would be possible to indicate this, because to trace the complete demographic situation among each nationality is not possible. In the 2011 census, 26% of the population, in the column of nationality, did not make any information, i.e. Left the field empty.

5.1. Religion

The Czech Republic has one of the least religious populations in the world. In the course of studies of the Eurobarometer project in 2005, 19% of respondents answered that they believe in God, 50% believe due to spiritual life, and 30% not Believe in religion. According to the last census of the population in 2011, about 3.6 million people do not adhere to what religion. This is 34.2% of the population. A different religion ranked almost 1.5 million people (13.9%). As believers, but not counting out of one of the existing religions, approximately 707,000 people took place (6.7%). In general, about 2,100,000 people or 20.6% of the Czech population rank as believing (regardless of religion). A total of 4,700,000 people (45.2%) in this voluntary column do not fill the census list.

The most common religion in the Czech Republic is Christianity. The largest religious group is Roman Catholic Churchwhich has 1.1 million believers (10.26%), which is significantly lower compared to 2001, in the calculation of the believing itself, a total of 2.7 million people (26.8%) took place. The high proportion of believers is still Orthodox church, which has a total of 27,000 believers, supporters of Jedism 15,000 people, Jehovah's Witnesses - 13,000. More than 700,000 people indicated that they are believers, but did not attract themselves to one organized church. The number of adherents of Judaism is about 1,500 inhabitants, Islam is preached by almost 3,500 people. 6100 people took themselves to various branches of Buddhism. 1075 people were delivered to atheists, 863 people said gender.

The proportion of people who declared themselves believers, in comparison with previous census, in 2001 significantly decreased. Significantly decreased the number of people who have not declared any religion. In the innovation of the 2011 census, it was possible to register as believers without belonging to a certain church, this opportunity used almost 7% of the population, but the percentage of people who preferred not to respond to a question about their religion were increased. The greatest number of religious people lives in the eastern part of the Czech Republic - Moravia.

5.2. Ethnographic groups

In the Czech Republic, there are several ethnographic groups closely associated with the region where they live, which in the past had cultural differences, as well as the features of dialects. In Bohemia, this is: moves, plzyenazi, Bollascape, Dulyby, Moravia: Horaci, Ganakas, Moravian Croats, Moravian Slovaks, Drugs, Valashi, Lasi and others in Silesia, for example, Gurali. The differences between ethnographic groups after the "Second World War" began to be blurred, but some regional features are still supported. In addition to these geographically different ethnographic groups, it is necessary to note the groups that do not have geographic binding to the place of residence, but are also significant, this is: Romanesque and Israeli ethnographic group.

5.3. Foreigners

In general, in the Czech Republic, in 2011 the number of foreigners decreased compared with 2010 almost 8,000 people to 416,700 people (4%). On Prague and the Middle School region, there are more than half of the total number of foreigners living in the Czech Republic. Most immigrants arrived from Slovakia (1.4%), Ukraine (0.5%), Poland (0.4%), Vietnam (0.3%), Germany (0.2%), Russia (0.2% ) and Hungary (0.1%). In comparison with other countries of Europe, the Czech Republic remains relatively homogeneous strange, so for example in neighboring Germany, the largest number of foreigners living in the EU, that is, 7.2 million foreigners (9% of the population), Austria 10.8% and Spain 12% . The indisputable advantage is the fact that in the Czech Republic such ethnic groups as Turks and Negros are presented in minor quantities and are not a problem for the state, unlike the same Germany and France.

4.1.

Czech Republic - Samea detailed information About country with photo. Sights, cities of the Czech Republic, climate, geography, population and culture.

Czech Republic (Česká Republika)

Czech Republic is a small state in Central Europe. This is one of the most distinctive and attractive European Union countries with rich historyThere are plenty of interesting attractions, castles and cultural monuments. The Czech Republic borders in the north with Poland, in the West and the North-West - with Germany, in the East - with Slovakia, in the south - with Austria. He is the parliamentary republic. Official language - Czech.

What comes to mind when we talk about the Czech Republic? These are the gothic spiers of Prague and Prague streets, this is an ancient Charles Bridge over Vltava, it is hundreds of castles and chokes in the cozy old towns, this is a great beer and tasty food. All this is so, but there is something else. Czech Republic is the atmosphere of calm and silence, guilty and unhaly local residents, life size, beautiful natural landscapes: leisurely rivers, fields and picturesque wooded hills. Interestingly, the country is also one of the safest in Europe and here is one of the lowest levels of corruption.

The country is located almost in the center of the former Austria-Hungary - in the past it is one of the largest and powerful states of Europe. Czech Republic is occupied historical regions - Moravia, Bohemia and part of Silesia. The stormy past left a colossal historical heritage, and low prices for food and hotels make the Czech Republic with one of the cheapest for tourists of the countries of Europe.

Helpful information

1. Official language - Czech.
2. Currency - Czech Crown.
3. Visa - Schengen.
4. Capital - Prague.
5. Population - 10.5 million people.
6. Area - 78.9 thousand square meters. KM
7. The standard of living is high.
8. On the territory of the Czech Republic operates Central European time UTC +1.
9. Movement in the Czech Republic right-hand. The speed of movement in settlements is limited to 50 km, outside the city - 90 km, on motorways - 130 km. When moving in motorways, you need to buy vignette. Drivers alcohol use is strictly prohibited. Car headlights should always be included. From November to the end of March, all cars must move on winter tires.
10. High season - May, July, August. Low - January, February.
11. Shops work from 9.00 to 17.00 on weekdays. In major cities, shops are open until 20.00 and even on weekends. Shopping centers And large supermarkets work from 9.00 to 21.00. Museums and sights are often closed on Sundays.
12. The kitchen in restaurants and cafes usually works until 21.00 - 22.00. Tips are not included in the account and make up 5-10% of the account.

Geography and Nature

Despite the small size, the Czech Republic is geographically diverse. Here you can find mountains and hills covered with forests, fields and plains. The country has no way out to the sea. Western and eastern part, mostly hilly and mountainous. Central - mainly hilly plain. The highest vertex is the snow mountain (1602 m).

On the territory of the Czech Republic there are several sufficiently large rivers - Vltava, Odra, Laba, Morava. The nature of the Czech Republic is very picturesque - the hills and low mountains covered with deciduous and coniferous forests with agricultural land. At high hills and rocks, castles and fortresses are towering - the legacy of the past. Koslii and deer graze in the fields, running around only to stop.

Best time to visit

The Czech Republic can be attended all year round. The most comfortable time is the period from May to September. Atmospheric in the Czech Republic for Christmas holidays. The lowest season lasts from January to March.

Climate

The climate of the Czech Republic is moderate, with warm, but not hot summer and enough soft winter. Four seasons are highlighted quite clearly. Spring Cool Co. middle temperatures 8-12 degrees. Precipitation drops 150-200 mm. Summer warm with a fairly comfortable temperature of 15-20 degrees. Heat happens not often. But it can be frequent. Therefore, when visiting the Czech Republic, we recommend taking lung jackets with you. The sediment falls the most. Autumn is warm enough with an average temperature of about 10 degrees. Winter lasts from December to February. The temperature is held within zero degrees. There are both thaw and frost.

Winter in the mountains of the Czech Republic

History

The historical name of the Czech Republic is Bohemia. This territory includes several historical regions - Bohemia, Moravia and part of Silesia.

Settlements of people in the territory of the Czech Republic still existed in the Stone Age. At the beginning of our era, the German tribes lived here. Slavs came to these lands in the 6th century. The legend is well known about the three Slavic leaders-brothers - Ruse, Lyakh and Czech. Each of them became the founder of the people. Although the etymology of the name of the country and the people still cause controversy among scientists.

The association of Czech Slavs and the creation of the Czech state refer to the 9-10 century. Initially, the center was a bog. In the 10th century, the center of the state moves towards modern Prague. At this time, the fortress of Vyšehrad and Prague Grad. The cherished Czechs were in the 9th century.

Independence Czech principality gained at the first prejudils. From 11 to 14th century, the Czech Republic was under the authority of the Frankish emperors. In 1241, the unified Czech army successfully reflected the invasion of the Mongols.

The main flourishing of the Czech Republic and Prague in the Middle Ages came during the legendary king of Charles IV. Karl not only expanded Czech lands, but also developed agriculture and winemaking, began the construction of the famous bridge across Vltava in Prague, founded the university, Karlstein Castle, Cathedral of St. Vita. Karl also issued a law on the throne - when the throne inherits the eldest son. A woman can become the head of state only in the absence of male descendants.

The development of the Czech Republic was suspended in the 15th century. This process and loss of independence provoked a gusite movement, which emerged at the beginning of the 15th century. Despite the fact that Yang Gus (one of their leaders) was burned like a heretic, the Gusite War broke out. After her first, the time of the mammond government came. Later, the Czech state lost independence and was part of the possessions of the Habsburgs. Under their control, the Czech Republic remained until 1918.

After the end of World War I, the country acquires independence. New state is formed - Czechoslovakia. The first president becomes Masik. Czechoslovakia existed until 1993.

In 1939, the country was occupied by German troops. Released in 1945 by the Red Army. After the war, the Czech Republic was located as part of a socialist camp under the influence of the USSR.

In 1989, after the velvet revolution, the Soviet troops left the Czech Republic. In 1993, Czechoslovakia was peacefully divided into two independent states. Since 1999, the Czech Republic became part of NATO, and from 2004 - in the EU.

Administrative division

The Czech Republic consists of the capital and 13 edges. The edges are divided into areas (obsessions) and statutory cities (district centers).

• The Central Czech Republic includes the capital - Prague, Kutna Mount.
• Western Czech Republic (Plzen and) is the territory of wooded and mountainous, picturesque nature, resorts and excellent beer.
• Northern Czech Republic (Liberec and Usti-Nad-Labeme) - mountainous and industrial region.
• Eastern Czech Republic (Gradec Kralove and Pardubice) - Krkonosh Mountain and highest top Czech Republic is a snow mountain.
• Southern Czech Republic (Ceske-Budejevice) - Hills and Forests, Ripos of Vltava.
• Northern Moravia (Ostrava and) is an industrial region. Although here you can find beautiful nature and interesting sights.
• Southern Moravia (Brno) - hills and forests, agricultural land and winemaking. These are the warmest edges of the Czech Republic.

Population

The population of the Czech Republic is more than 10 million people. Given the area of \u200b\u200bthe country, it can be attributed to the densely populated. About 95% of the population - ethnic Czechs. Large diasporas - Ukrainians, Russians, Slovaks, Vietnamese, Germans.

Official language It is Czech, which belongs to the Western Slavic group of languages. Czechs can easily understand the Slovaks and vice versa. The Czech language also has common roots and words with other Slavic languages \u200b\u200b- Russian, Polish, Ukrainian. Czech has a large number of colorful words: Lepidlo - glue, flying stewardess, flying plane. The emphasis is almost always done on the first syllable.

The Czechs themselves are the people are calm, welcoming, polite. They respect traditions, proud and leopard.

Transport

Located almost in the center of Europe, the Czech Republic has good transport accessibility.

International airports are located in Prague (largest in the country), Brno, Ostrava, Karlovy Vary and Pardubice.

The main means of movement in the country are trains, buses and cars. It should be noted that the condition and quality of roads in the Czech Republic lags behind neighboring Austria and Germany. Although the country has highways that connect major cities and neighbouring countries And pass near Prague, Pilsen, Brno and Ostrava.

Accommodation

Accommodation in the Czech Republic is much cheaper than, for example, in Germany, Austria. The room for two in the hotel with three stars and breakfast can be found for 30-50 euros even in Prague. Of course, it all depends on the location of the hotel (it is logical that the closer to the center, the more expensive), the season, etc. Large cities usually have a large selection of options for accommodation from the hostel to expensive hotels. About accommodation in high season is better to take care in advance. Rooms in Czech hotels are usually quite clean and very simple.

Kitchen

Czech cuisine is very calorie. Traditional dishes: Starts (Various soups), Cracker (garlic soup), Veprevo Knee (pork), meat dishes (mainly, pork, beef, chicken, duck) with dumplings, fish dishes (carp), fried cheese (Hermelin), Seasonal vegetables (zelenina), potatoes (Bramborak) and, of course, beer. In restaurants, food is prepared usually until 21.00-22.00. Tips are not included in the account. If you like the food and service, then you can leave 5-10% of the count amount.

Beer is a separate pride of the Czech Republic and the main drink. It is one of the best in the world. At the same time, beer is often the cheapest drink and often cheaper than the same Coca Cola. Here are boiled beer such brands as a cruculiarice, Burner, Pilsner, Radgast, Bernard, Gambrinus. There is also a huge number of small brewing. Beer usually varies on the bright (light) and dark (TMAVE). Dark beer has a longer taste.

CITE CITY

The most popular I. beautiful city Czech Republic is the capital - Prague. Often it is called the "city of hundred spiers" and "kilt". Prague is located almost in the center of the Czech Republic. Is an the largest city countries. The historic center of the city was listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site, and attractions such as Charles Bridge, Prague Castle, Old Town Temple, Vyghelad are real symbols of the country.

Brno

The second value and size is the capital of Moravia - Brno, which has a compact and beautiful old town and has long competed with Prague in economic and cultural terms.

Not far is the student city of Olomouc, which is often called a "little Prague". The city has a wonderful architecture and many interesting attractions (one of them is included in the UNESCO list).

The north is located the industrial capital of the Czech Republic and one of its largest cities - Ostrava.

Not far from Prague is a small town of Kutna-Mountain with several famous attractions (Khuznitsa, St. Barbara Cathedral).

In the West, the famous Czech resort - Karlovy Vary stands out. And in the north-west - Liberec.

The main city of South is Ceske-Budejevice with a wonderful old center. Not far from it is one of the most beautiful towns of Czech Republic, whose old city is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Sights of the Czech Republic

Czech Republic is a country rich in sights and monuments of history and culture. Despite the stormy past, Czech managed to preserve their historical heritage.

The listing of interesting attractions of the Czech Republic can take a whole book, so we are limited to the most iconic.

In Prague, the most famous attractions are Charles Bridge, Prague Castle, Old Town Square and Viserad.

In Kutno Mount, UNESCO objects: the beautiful Gothic Cathedral of St. Barbarians and a gloomy kaznitz.

In Olomouc, this is one of the most significant monuments of Czech Baroque, a column of the Blessed Trinity.

One big landmark is the town of Cesky Krumlov in the south of the Czech Republic.

From natural beauty, a prominent place is occupied by the Reserve Czech Paradise, Korkonosh and Shumava National Park, Matsuha Gorge.

There are many beautiful castles on the territory of Chekhov. Here, almost near each old town, mighty fortresses or romantic ruins are towering. Many castles have been perfectly preserved and can tell us a lot about the history and culture of the past.

• Prague Castle
• Karlstein
• Pernstein
• Locket
• Deep-over-vltava
• Blatant
• Bowzov
• Orlik-over-Vltava
• Zvikov
• Cockerin
• Krzhivoclat
• Miller
• Mikulov

brief information

The number of foreign tourists who come to the Czech Republic increases every year. Many tourists who visited the Czech Republic once, returned there again and again. This country falls in love with a glance, and this love can last all life. Tourists in the Czech Republic come for the sake of unique historical and architectural monuments, magnificent nature, real Czech beer, balneological and ski resorts.

Geography of the Czech Republic

Czech Republic is located in Central Europe. In the east, the Czech Republic borders with Slovakia, in the West - with Germany, in the south - with Austria, and in the north - with Poland. The total area of \u200b\u200bthis country is 78,866 square meters. km, and the total length of the state border is 2,310 km.

In the west of the country in Bohemia are low mountains - Krkonoshe, who are structurally included in the Sudeten Mountain Array. It is in Krkonosh that the highest Czech peak is the snow mountain (1,602 m). In the east of the country in Moravia, the area is hilly with low mountains.

In the territory of the Czech Republic proceeds several big rivers - Elba, Vltava, Morava, and Odra. Some Czech rivers are an important part of the local national parks of Krkonosh, Shumava, Pyretics, and Czech Switzerland.

Capital

The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague, in which about 1.3 million people now live. Archaeologists believe that the first Slavic settlement on the territory of modern Prague appeared in the VI century AD.

Official language

The official language in the Czech Republic is Czech, belonging to the subgroup of Western Slavic languages.

Religion

About 30% of the population of the Czech Republic - Catholics (Roman Catholic Church). Another 2% of Chekhov - Protestants, and more than 32% of the Czech Republic's population do not believe in God.

State Czech Republic

According to the 1990 Constitution, the Czech Republic is the parliamentary republic in which the president is a formal head of state, but its powers are significantly limited. The prime minister has significant powers, however, he is appointed by the president, and the parliament claims.

The legislative power belongs to the two-chaplain parliament consisting of Poslanecká Sněmovna (200 deputies) and SENATE (81 people).

Until 2013, the President of the Czech Republic chose the country's parliament, but now it is a method of universal popular voting.

Climate and weather

The climate in the Czech Republic is moderate and continental with a rather hot summer and a cold snowy winter. In the West of the country, the average annual air temperature is + 7c, and in South Moravia - + 9c. In Prague in July, the air temperature can reach + 33c, and in the west of the country in February - drop to -17c.

In winter, in the mountains of the Czech Republic, there is a lot of snow, and it guarantees a long ski season.

The average air temperature in the Czech Republic:

January - -3s
- February - -2c
- March - + 3c
- April - + 8c
- May - + 13c
- June - + 16c
- July - + 18c
- August - + 17c
- September - + 14c
- October - + 8c
- November - + 3c
- December - -1c

Rivers and lakes

A few large rivers - Elba, Vltava, Morava, and Odra flow through the territory of the Czech Republic. In addition, there are many natural small lakes in the Czech Republic, as well as about 150 artificial lakes.

History

About the IV century BC. The Celtic tribes settled on the territory of the modern Czech Republic, but after a few centuries they were supplanted by the German tribes. Slavs appeared in the Czech Republic at the end of the V century AD.

In the 9th century, the flourishing of the Czech Republic begins, which is associated with the Board of the Priseuschovsky dynasty. The Czech state is able to actually preserve independence, although it was in vassal dependence on the sacred Roman Empire.

In 1085, the Czech Prince Mortislav, the Emperor of the Sacred Roman Empire, Heinrich IV, provided the right to use the Royal Title. However, the independence of the Kingdom of the Czech Republic was proclaimed only in 1212.

From 1419 to 1436, Religious Gusitsky Wars continued in the Czech Republic, as a result of which the Gusite religion was recognized as Catholics as one of the religions in this country.

From 1526, Habsburgs become kings of the Czech Republic, and thus this country became part of the Sacred Roman Empire. By the way, the Czech Republic was part of Austria until 1918.

After the end of World War I, in October 1918, a single state was formed from the Czech Republic and Slovakia - Czechoslovakia.

As a result of the so-called. The "Munich Coints" of 1939 Czechoslovakia was occupied by German troops. The Germans are turned into the protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to the Protectorate.

After the end of World War II, Socialist Czechoslovakia was formed. In 1968, the countries of the Warsaw Treaty were forced to introduce troops to Czechoslovaki to support the socialist system.

In November 1989, the so-called occurred in Czechoslovakia. "Velvet Revolution", repleasing the Communist Party from power. President of Czechoslovakia became Vaclav Gavel.

January 1, 1993 on political map The world appeared two new independent states - Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

In 1999, the Czech Republic became a member of NATO military bloc, and in 2004 she was accepted in the EU.

Culture of the Czech Republic

Czechs are proud of their traditions, and carefully transmit them from generation to generation. So, in one of the Moravian villages, Vlchnov still has a holiday "Riding of Kings" every year, during which local boys and adolescents are arranged on horseback decorated with colorful ribbons. At the same time, the riders are dressed in traditional folk costumes. Boy king guard two bodyguards with sabers.

The fact is that in Moorevia in Moravia (and in the vicinity of Slachnovo), local princes were often traveled, which for the peasants were real kings.

Czechs love to celebrate Valpurgiyev night (from April 30 to May 1). Sometimes this holiday Czechs is called "Night burning night." Of course, no one ever burned in the Czech Republic in the Czech Republic. Now, to support this old custom, the Czechs are set on fire and throw them into the air (to see how the witches used to fly in the air).

Czechs believe that at midnight on May 1 you can find treasures. However, at this time, the power of evil is capable of harming to a person. Therefore, treasure seekers on the night of May 1 need to have a piece of fern on the head (on the face).

Cuisine Czech Republic

In recent years, in the Czech Republic, they began to pay more attention to healthy nutrition and various new recipes. However, traditional Czech recipes dishes are still very popular in the Czech Republic.

- "BRAMBOROVÁ POLÉVKA" - Potato Soup
- "Zelná Polévka" - sauerkraut soup
- "Kuřecí Polévka" - chicken soup with noodles
- "Hovězí Guláš s Knedlíkem" - Beef Goulash with Dumpling
- "PEČENÉ KURE S BRAMBORY" - fried chicken with potatoes
- "Knedlíky" - Knedliki make with the most different filling
- "Jablečný závin" - Apple Strudel
- "MEDOVNíK" - Cake with honey

Traditional Czech alcoholic beverage - beer. As in other European countries, beer in the Czech Republic began to boil in the early Middle Ages in the monasteries. Now Czech beer is famous for the whole world.

Sights of the Czech Republic

For lovers, the attractions of the Czech Republic is the perfect country. There are many different attractions in the Czech Republic, and it is difficult for us to choose the best of them. Nevertheless, in our opinion, the top ten attractions of the Czech Republic are as follows:

Deep-over-Vltava castle

The castle was deeply built in the second half of the XIII century. He received his current magnificent neootic look by the castle of deep, thanks to the Schwarzenberg family, which they owned from 1661. Today there is a museum in this castle.

Castle Chervena Lgota

Chervena Lgota Castle in South Czech Republic was built in the revival era. It is located on the rocky island in the middle of the lake. From the ground the castle is connected by a narrow stone bridge. His name Chervena Lgota cast is due to its red color walls.

Castle Karlstein

Karlstein Castle was built in 1348 by the Czech King and the Roman Emperor Karl IV. In this castle, the treasures and regalia of the Czech kings were once long ago stored.

Caves in the Moravian Carsive Reserve

The territory of the Nature Reserve "Moravian Karst" is about 92 square meters. km. There are about 1 100 gorges and caves here.

Geopark "Czech paradise"

In the north of the Czech Republic, there is a geopark "Czech paradise", in which there is a large number of monuments of mineralogy, paleontology and archeology.

Vysehsend Castle

Vysehrad Castle, as historians believe, was built on a hill over Vltava in the X century. According to legend, it was in the castle of the Czech Princess Libuch, the future of the greatness of Prague predicted.

Castle Konopiste

This castle is located 50 kilometers from Prague. It was built in the 1289th year in the style of French fortresses with round towers. Konopiste's castle was at one time was the last residence of Erzgertzog Franz Ferdinand.

"Singing fountains" in Prague

"Singing fountains" were built in 1891 ODU. Later, the Czech engineer of Frantki Krzhizikov made them lighting. Now "singing fountains" are one of the most favorite places of recreation of the inhabitants of Prague.

Charles Bridge in Prague

Charles Bridge over Vltava was built in the XIV century. The bridge is decorated with 30 statues that set various universities, religious orders, archbishops, princes, etc.

St. Vitus Cathedral

Construction of the Cathedral of St. Vita in Prague continued from 1344 to 1929. He is considered one of the most beautiful gothic cathedrals in the world.

Cities and resorts of the Czech Republic

The biggest cities of the Czech Republic are Brno, Pilsen, Ostrava, and, of course, Prague.

Czech Republic is known for its ski resorts with excellently developed riding infrastructure. The most popular Czech ski resorts - Garrachi, Jablonec-Nad-Yizers, Rokhinets-over-Yizers, Spindlers-Mlyn, Pez-Snowball, Rude-Yesenik, Velke-Losina, God's gift, and Liberec. Thanks to a large number of snow, skiing season in the Czech Republic lasts from December to April.

Tourists in the Czech Republic come not only to admire the sights of this country and skiing at local ski resorts. In the Czech Republic there are a large number mineral sourcesAnd, as a result, tourists in this country come also very often for the sake of balneological resorts. Karlovy Vary have a reputation as a world-class balneological resort.

Other popular Czech Balneological Resorts - Marianske Lazne, Františkov-Lazne, Yakhimov, Teplice, Lugachovitsy, and Podbrady.

Souvenirs / Shopping

Tourists from the Czech Republic usually bring dishes, porcelain, products from Bohemian glass, ceramics, jewelry with a semi-precious Czech grenade, Czech beer, BECHEROVKA Liquor, South Moravia, and Czech waffles (from Karlovy Vary) and Chocolate .

Work hours of institutions

Czech Republic is located on the mainland of Europe and the occupied territory of the Czech Republic is 78866. The population of the Czech Republic is 10,512,000. The capital of the Czech Republic is located in the city of Prague. The form state Device Czech Republic - Republic. In the Czech Republic speak Czech. Who borders the Czech Republic: Germany, Poland, Slovakia, Austria.
Czech Republic refers to the number of world visited states. Her landscape is amazing in his diversity and beauty. Spacious valleys with a network of picturesque lakes and rivers are replaced by hills, thick forests and mountain ranges that store the age-old coolness and freshness of stalactite caves. The Czech Republic boasts a huge number (about a hundred thirty) historical complexes. Some objects (for example, Litomyšl, chromium, a body, chesky-Krumlov and others) are listed in the heritage list. Czech resorts, such as Podbrasts, Marianske Lazne and Karlovy Var, are famous for their healing mud and waters, modern equipment and favorable climate.
Most famous city Czech Republic and one of beautiful capitals The world is definitely Prague. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, this place was called the "city of a hundred towers", at present, their already more than five hundred. The old Prague is perfectly preserved, which is a unique architectural ensemble. The historic part and the city center are Grads, located on the left bank of Vltava, romantic Old city on the right bank and New town - Commercial heart of the capital. These places, as well as the Jewish ghetto and Vyšehd, are included in the heritage list.
The old town, laid back in the tenth century, was originally acquainted with a wall with thirteen high towers (now only powder was preserved). The main historical objects are located on the Old Town Square and on the crucible narrow streets that run away from it in all directions. Here you can see ancient houses with fancy names, such as "at the kitchen table", "at the stone lamb", "Siktsti house", "at the White Unicorn" and others. The famous Old Town Hall is located on the square itself. She is decorated with magnificent astronomical clock (the beginning of the fifteenth century), on which the figures of the archangels and mythical characters are eagerly appear and move under hours. In addition, here you can see the monument to Jan Gusu, the Cathedral of the Virgin, erected in the second half of the fourteenth century, Clementinum, in which the state library is located, as well as the unusual Museum of sour cream.
One of the most green and prestigious regions of Prague, with a zoo and a palace, called Troy. His main attraction is a Trojan castle built in the second half of the seventeenth century. This is a magnificent palace in its beauty with a beautiful park in the Baroque style. The Palace constantly hosts the most interesting collection of local art of the nineteenth century. Opposite the castle is a zoo, which is a well-maintained and very beautiful plot on a hill, where you can watch the life of animals in a practically natural environment of their habitat. Many of the varieties of local representatives of the fauna are listed in the Red Book.
One of the oldest regions Prague is called Gradian. Here is the largest fortress in the country - the magnificent Prague degrees - the cultural and historical and political center of the capital and the whole Czech Republic, which was founded in the ninth century. Gradchanskaya Square still stores medieval layout. Here you can see the Palace of Schwarzenberg-Lobkovitz, in which the Military Historical Museum is located, and the Sternberg Palace. The architectural pearl of Gradchain is the Archbishop Palace, erected in the sixteenth century.
Czech Republic is a country of exquisite architectural monuments, indescribable beautiful landscapes and a romantic atmosphere, a place that cannot be bored.

Czech_Republic. Czech Republic - This is a unique state with an ancient Slavic story, with the architecture of all styles and eras since the 10th century to the present day, with a rich culture and national traditions, with Prague, about which Great Goethe wrote: "This is Rome of the North, the heart of Europe and the most gemstone In the stone crown of the world. "

Czech Republic is located in the very center of Europe and borders with Germany, Poland, Austria and Slovakia. The territory of the republic unites the historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia.
The landscape of these places is amazing in its beauty and variety. Wide valleys with a thick net of rivers and lakes are replaced by swirling forests, hills and mountain ranges, storing a century freshness and the coolness of stalactite caves.
It is here that the healing sources of the most popular european resorts, such as Karlovy Vary and Mariana Lazni.

The Czech Republic is a country that gave the world to the world Slavic ABC, Jan Gus and Soldier Schweika, Kedliki and Czech beer, "Becherovka" and Crystal ..

Tours to the Czech Republic

Tours B. Karlovy Vary 130 km from Prague
Karlovy Vary is the largest resort in the Czech Republic. It is known since the time of Charles IV. The city contains 12 soil sources, warm and hot. In Karlovy Vary, there is the largest golf course in the Czech Republic.

Tour B. Karlstein 40 km from Prague
One of the most famous medieval cultural historical monuments. Built in 1348 by Karl IV, the Czech king and the emperor of the Sacred Roman Empire. The castle was intended for the role of the imperial residence and the "casket" for the storage of coronation regals and valuable relics of the Roman Empire (and later and Czech treasures).

Tours B. Czech krumlov 170 km from Prague
The city architectural reserve - in 1992 included in the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List. The dominant is the castle, the second largest in the Czech Republic after Prague. Among other things, you can see the gallery of valuable paintings in the castle, and in its area you can visit theatrical representation in the natural amphitheater, with a unique rotating visual hall.

Tour B. Deep over Vltava 150 km from Prague
Refers to the most beautiful and most visited castles of the Czech Republic. The initial royal castle was rebuilt in the Renaissance style, and in the 19th century he received today's pseudo-molding form. A beautiful English park with a baroque hunting castle of the Obra is extended near him, in which there is a hunting and forestry museum.

Tour B. Telch 160 km from Prague
This is a unique urban architectural reserve. Here is a number of outstanding architectural structures - Renaissian castle and houses built in Renaissance and baroque styles make up the historic center of the city. This city is a unique monument of Europe and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Tour by Kutno Mount 60 km from Prague
The history of the cuite mountain is associated with the mining of silver ores on its territory. In the Middle Ages, by the 14th century, the mining of silver in the area was approximately one third of the total silver production in Europe. The beginning of the extraction refers to the second half of the 13th collares, but already in the 10th century, in the near settlement of Malin, is the famous residence of the kind of glorious, stamped silver dinars, the raw materials of which were superficial deposits of silver ores near the city.

Tour B. Castle Lednice 260 km from Prague
The Ledney Castle is located in the village of the same place on the right bank of the River River, about 12 km. In the east of Mikulova. The castle with an extensive park refers to the beautiful complexes of the Czech Republic. The estate of the Lednice was acquired by Liechtenstein in 1249 and belonged to him without a small 700 years.

Tour B. Valtice. 260 km from Prague
Valtice is a city located near the Austrian border, famous for the beautiful castle and winemaking. Valtitsky castle was a luxurious residence of the Austrian and Moravian gentlemen of Liechtenstein. It was glorified not only with his beauty, but also by art: Palace Theater, at one time, in the full sense of the word, rival with the Vienna Scene.

Tour B. Litomoisch castle 150 km from Prague
Litomoishel is a small town located in Pardubitsky Territory, 18 km. Northwespader sweat. Renaissance castle area of \u200b\u200bthe period 1568 - 1581, recorded to the World List cultural heritage UNESCO, because of its attractiveness, Litomoisch, became one of the tourist sites of the Czech Republic.

Tour B. Zhdyar on Sazavoy 140 km from Prague
Zhdyar on Sazava is a district city lying on the border of the Czech Republic and Moravia, in the picturesque Cheskoyravsky region in the middle of the protected area of \u200b\u200bthe Zhdyar vertices. His story is closely related to the development of the Zhdyarsky Cistercian Monastery and stretches up to half the 13th century. The village of Zhdyar accepted the status of the city in 1607, by order of Cardinal Frantisek from Dietrichstein. Today's appearance, the former monastery received as a result of the major reconstructions of the abbot of Waclav Weimlowego in the first half of the 18th collapse. The reconstruction was designed by architect Jan Blazhi Santini Ayhel.

Tour in the complex Cromerezh 270 km from Prague
The complex of parks and castles in Kromerizh was listed in 1995 to the list of folk cultural monuments The Czech Republic, and in December 1998 he was recorded in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List. This indicates a responsible relation to residents to heritage and monuments created not only for the present, but also for the future.

Monument Teresin 70 km from Prague
The monument Teresin arose at the point of torment of ten thousand people. It is considered a popular monument since 1947 on the initiative of the government of an updated Czechoslovak Republic. In the Czech Republic, this is the only monument of this kind. Its appointment is to preserve the memory of the victims of racial and political persecution during the Nazi occupation and death of ten thousand people.

Tour B. Krzhivoclat 50 km from Prague
Krzhivoclat - one of the oldest castles of Czech princes and kings of the XI century. During the reign of the advice of Otakar II, there was a magnificent royal castle, which was rebuilt by Vaclav IV, and later almost completely rebuilt during the time of Vladislav Yagellonan and his receiver Ludwig in 1493-1522. In the XIX century, a restoration of the fortress was made, after which the castle took the appearance, preserved until today.

Tour B. Konopiste 45 km from Prague
Konopiste Castle is perhaps the most beautiful of all castles located in the Central Czech Republic. Initially, this is a medieval fortress with family towers, two lifting bridges and powerful fortress walls, was built according to the sample of French chips at the end of 13. B., Bishop Tobiash from Benesyov. For centuries, the castle was repeatedly rebuilt and changed its owners. The most famous owner was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne Franz Ferdinand D'Eeste, the Archduke and the heir to the Habsburg throne. In 1914, he was killed in Sarajevo by members of the conspiracy group "Young Bosnia", which served as a pretext for the beginning of the First World War.