Tourist resources in Europe. Recreational resources of Europe

03.03.2020

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

State educational institution of higher

Vocational education

Tomsk State Pedagogical University

Faculty of Economics and Management

Department of Economic Theory

COURSE WORK

Foreign European tourist resources

Introduction

1.2 Reception Concept

Conclusion

Applications

Introduction

Tourism in the representation of most people is connected with rest, new impressions, pleasure. He firmly entered the life of a person with his natural desire to open and know the unknown edges, monuments of nature, history and culture, customs and traditions of different peoples. A number of important geographical, economic, political and cultural prerequisites contributes to the fact that Europe was and remains the most developed in terms of international tourism.

In relation to the CIS countries, Europe occupies a territory of 10.8 million sq. Km. With a population of 786 million people. There are about 40 sovereign states related to the generality of historical fate, close political, economic and cultural relations. Foreign Europe - one of the foci of world civilization, the Motherland of the Great geographic discoveries, industrial coups, urban agglomerations, international economic integration. And although, as you know, the era of "Eurocentrism" went into the past, this region and today takes a very important place in world politics and economics. Foreign Europe is the most small region of the world, but its role in the world economy is very large. Country Europe countries produce 50% of industrial products of the world economy. The region ranks first in mechanical engineering, second place for the production of products of the chemical industry. Foreign Europe was and remains the main region of international tourism.

The relevance of the chosen topic is that foreign Europe is attracted every year a huge tourist flow. Object research is foreign Europe. Research Subject - tourist and recreational resources of foreign Europe. The purpose of this work: to explore and analyze tourist and recreational resources of foreign Europe in terms of their attractiveness for tourists, reveal and show modern trends in the development of recreational tourism in Europe.

To achieve our goals, the following tasks were allocated: 1. The study of scientific, popular science and methodological literature on the subject of interest to us; 2. Consideration of the concepts of "tourist resources" and "recreation"; 3. Familiarization with the zoning of foreign Europe; 4. Consideration of each area separately. The methodological and theoretical basis for writing a course work was a special training and periodic literature on the subject under study, as well as statistical information. Among the authors used to write a course work should be especially allocated to the works of Alexander A.Yu., Vorontsky L.P., Glushko A.A., Dmitrevsky Yu.D., Quartalnova V.A., Maksakovsky V.P. And others. This term work is divided into two sections: theoretical aspects of tourist resources and recreation and tourist and recreational regions of foreign Europe.

Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of tourist resources and recreation

1.1 Concept of tourist resources

The development of tourist business in the market conditions requires the presence of recreational resources, capital, technology and personnel.

Unlike other sectors of the economy, tourist resources are very diverse and includes natural and anthropogenic geosystems, body and phenomena of nature, artifacts that have comfortable properties and consumer costs for recreational activities. Therefore, they can be used to organize rest and rehabilitation of a certain contingent of people at a fixed time with the help of existing technology and existing material opportunities. An integral part of recreational resources are people who work in the field of tourism or can take part in the organization and maintenance of recreational activities in perspective. The dynamic development of the tourist business requires also a developed infrastructure, since without this, even with high attractive properties of natural and cultural complexes, their development is impossible to develop their wide range of consumers.

Like any other, recreational resources are not limited, they have a certain volume (potential stock), time of use, operating conditions and, naturally, the cost.

The implementation of tourist businesses in the market conditions can be carried out in the presence of four main components:

Capital;

Technologies;

Tourist resources.

This means that, not enough, having capital, buy technology, hire a personnel team and tourism. To do this, you need to choose a place where there are tourist recreational resources, and if there is no such place, then create it. This is one of the specific features of the tourist business in the market conditions. Since the fourth component is tourist resources - is the most cheap, then in general it determines the high profitability of the tourist business. If tourism is associated with the creation of a tourist resource (and not by consumption of the available), the cost of the tourist product increases sharply.

Under tourist resources understand the combination of natural and artificially created objects suitable for creating a tourist product. As a rule, tourist resources determine the formation of tourist businesses in a particular region.

Tourist resources have the following main properties:

Attractiveness;

Climatic conditions;

Availability;

Degree of study;

Sightseeing significance;

Landscape characteristics;

Socio-demographic characteristics;

Potential stock;

Method of use, etc.

These resources are used in wellness, tourist, sports and cognitive purposes.

Tourist resources can be conditionally divided into two groups:

Natural;

Infrastructure.

Even with high attractive properties of natural resources without communications, communications, communal infrastructure of educational institutions, cultural monuments, art, etc. - tourist business for a wide range of consumers is impossible.

Despite its social and humane role, tourism modifies ecology. Reducing the damage to the tourism industry on the environment is regulated at the state and international levels due to:

Economic enlightenment;

Restrictions on tourist and recreational burden on natural resources;

Tax regulation, etc.

1.2 Reception Concept

Recreation (Translated from the Polish language Rekreacja - Rest, with Latin Recreation - Restoration) - this is: 1) Holidays, holidays, change in school (outdated); 2) premises for recreation in educational institutions; 3) Rest, restoration of human forces spent during the labor process.

Specialists of various branches of knowledge are engaged in the study of this phenomenon - geographers, biologists, psychologists, environmentalists, doctors, sociologists, economists. In this regard, it should be noted a greater difficulty in determining the circle of concepts relating to recreational activities.

Recreation geography - 1) Science, which studies the geographical laws of the functioning and development of territorial systems for organizing people's activities outside of working time; 2) Geographic discipline that studies and simulating its own object of study is territorial recreational systems.

Recreation and tourism intersect: recreation include all types of activities that are not related to the place of residence; Tourism is a study, business tourism, therapeutic recreation, shop tours, political tourism. Consequently, the zone of their intersection is all types of tourism that are aimed at restoration, recovery, relaxation, country rest, pilgrimage, ecotourism.

The main task of recreation is the restoration and development of the physical and mental forces of each member of society, the comprehensive development of its spiritual world.

Although there is still a generally accepted classification of public functions of recreation in science, they could be divided into 3 main groups:

The medical and biological function consists in sanatorium-resort treatment and rehabilitation. Improvement through tourism is one of the ways to solve the problem of removing the production and extraproductive mental fatigue.

Social and cultural function is the leading recreation function. Cultural, or spiritual needs are the needs of knowledge in the broadest sense, the knowledge of the surrounding world and its place in it, the knowledge of the meaning and appointing its existence.

Economic function is simple and expanded reproduction of labor. Recreation saves socially necessary time. Due to recreation, the ability of labor workers increases, the duration of the period of preserving full-fledged performance increases, which leads to an increase in the working time fund due to the reduction of the incidence, increase the vital tone.

Recreational zoning is an important scientific and practical procedure. This is an effective and absolutely necessary scientific method that allows much to understand the geography of recreational activities and the recreational service sector.

A variety of landscapes, climate, flora and fauna and other tourist resources lead to the need to allocate various regions in order to systematize geographic and economic information on tourism and identify territorial patterns of its development. Tourist zoning allows you to get a holistic idea of \u200b\u200bthe status, factors and prospects for the development of tourism at all parts of the territory, compare them among themselves and use this information in planning and management of tourism.

Thus, when considering any region, and in particular, foreign Europe, in terms of tourism development, an accurate analysis of its tourist resources is necessary and the study of their recreational potential. Especially since this region has a huge number of conducive natural factors.

tourist recreation Geography Recovery

Chapter 2. Tourist and recreational regions of foreign Europe

2.1 General Characteristics of Europe

Europe occupies the western part of the mainland of Eurasia. Area of \u200b\u200bterritory 10.8 million sq. Km. Europe's border with Asia takes place along the eastern foot of the Urals, the Rivers Elba, Kuma, Manch, Caspian, Azov, Black Seas. Most European states have access to the Atlantic and North-Arctic Ocean and their seas, which favors the development of tourist ties with other countries. The main part of Europe is plain or hilly terrain. The largest plains are Eastern European, Middle Eastern, Middle and Nizhnylanduna, Paris pool. Mountains occupy 17% of the territory. Maintenance mountain systems - Alps, Carpathians, Appenins, Pyrenees, Carpathians, part of the Caucasus.

For most of the territory, the climate is moderate. In the West, he oceanic, in the east - continental. On the northern Islands Climate Subarctic and Arctic, in southern Europe - Mediterranean. A significant part of Northern Europe is covered with modern glaciers. On many islands in Iceland, on Svalbard, new land there is a coating glaciation, and in the Alps - Mountain.

By occupying a small part of the Earth (4% sushi), Europe is one of the most densely populated regions of the world. 786 million people live here. Pretty little ethnic map of the modern European continent.

The economic and geographical location of the countries of foreign Europe is determined by two main features.

First, the neighboring position of these countries in relation to each other. With relatively small sizes of the territory, the small "depth" and good transport "passability", these countries are either directly bordered, or divided into two distances. In addition, their borders take place mainly by such natural borders that do not create significant obstacles for transport links.

Secondly, the seaside position of the overwhelming majority of countries, many of which are located near the busiest sea routes. In the western part of the region, there is no place removed from the sea by more than 480 km, east - 600 km. The whole life of Great Britain, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece since ancient times is closely connected with the sea, "the daughter of the sea" - you can say about each of them.

Political map of the region during the XX century. He undergone large changes three times: after the first and second world wars and in recent years (the union of Germany, the acquisition of independence by the Baltic countries, the disintegration of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, a change in the public system in Eastern Europe).

In foreign Europe, both the republics and monarchies as unitary and federation states are represented.

Recently, the population of foreign Europe began to grow very slowly. As is well known, it is explained by the fact that the complex demographic situation is characterized to reproduction of the population of the region. In some countries, there is even a natural settlement of the population. At the same time, the population of the population is also changing, the share of older people is growing.

According to the national composition, the population of foreign Europe is relatively homogeneous: the overwhelming majority of the 62 peoples of the region refers to the Indo-European language family. At the same time, the relatives of the Slavic, Romanesque, German groups have significant traits of similarities. The same is characteristic of the languages \u200b\u200bof the Ural family. Nevertheless, the ethnic map of the region that has folded over the Millennium is not so simple. Along with Sneonational, there are many states with a complex national composition, in which the extension of interethnic relations has recently been observed; An example of this kind can serve Yugoslavia.

In all countries of foreign Europe, the dominant religion is Christianity. Catholicism is sharply dominated in Southern Europe, in North - Protestantia; And in the middle, they are in different ratios. The world center of Catholicism is located in Rome - Vatican.

Foreign Europe is one of the most densely populated regions of the world. At the same time, the placement of the population in it is primarily determined by the geography of cities. The total number of cities is measured by many thousands, and their network is very thick. Gradually, for thousands of years, the Western European type of the city has developed, whose roots rise to the times of the Roman Empire and Middle Ages.

The characteristic feature of the urbanization of foreign Europe is a very high concentration of the population in large cities and urban agglomerations, which are more here than in the United States and Japan combined. The largest of them are London, Parisian and Rhine-Rurassic. In the 70s. After the period of the rapid growth of cities and agglomerations, the outflow of the population began from their centers (nuclei) first to the neighboring and long-distance suburbs, and then to more remote small towns and to the countryside ("green wave"). As a result, the number of residents in the central regions of London, Paris, Hamburg, Vienna, Milan and many other cities either stabilized, or even began to decline. This process received in science the name of suburbanization.

2.2 Tourist and recreational zoning

In recent decades, the share of foreign Europe in the world in the world's main indicators of international tourism is gradually decreasing. Back in 1970, this region attracted 68% of all the inturists of the world and provided 62% of all revenues from tourism, but in 2007 the first of these indicators decreased to 53%, and the second to 50%. Nevertheless, foreign Europe continues to be the main tourist and recreational region of the world with a distinctly pronounced translational growth of tourists' arrivals: in 1970, it was visited by 113 million people, in 1980 - 190 million, in 1990 - 275 million, in 2000 - 393 Million, and in 2007 - 480 million from 20 leading countries in the size of the inbound tourism of 11 European. All this indicates that the tourist boom in foreign Europe continues.

Almost all possible types of tourism gained development in foreign Europe - cognitive, recreational, scientific, business, religious, ecological. The same vehicles used in it can be said, although the automobile prevails among them. Here, more in any other tourist macroregion of the world, intraregional tourism is expressed: approximately 9/10 of all foreign tourists are Europeans and only 1/10 - visiting from other regions of the world. In the entrance tourism leads the "big three" classic tourist countries as part of France, Spain and Italy, where the number of arriving exceeds 40 million per year. In the "second echelon" (from 10 million to 30 million per year), the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Poland, Andorra, Greece, Portugal, the Netherlands are provided. The rest of the countries form the "third echelon". In the role of the main suppliers of foreign tourists are the countries of Central and Northern Europe, while in countries Southern Europe The influx of tourists significantly exceeds their outflow. It is in these countries that revenues from international tourism are especially great. And in most micro-states of Europe, even a kind of monoculture of tourism has developed. In Andorra, one inheror accounts for more than 160 foreign tourists a year, in San Marino - about 150. In these countries, not only annual (seasonal), but also the weekly visits arrival of tourists are clearly expressed in Monaco, but also the weekly visits of tourists arrive here. . The largest center of religious pilgrimage remains the Vatican. As a basis for tourist and recreational zoning of foreign Europe, its generally accepted four-meter zoning is usually taken. The World Tourist Organization (WTO) allocates four major district within this region - South, Western, Central Eastern and North; In this order they follow and in size to attract tourists.

The tourist and recreational zoning of foreign Europe can be laid and another approach - with the allocation of areas and centers of Primorsky, mountain, lake and river tourism.

Let's start with the characteristics of the seaside tourist and recreational regions as the most common. For this purpose, a significant part of the entire marine region is used.

Mediterranean is the main tourist area not only in Europe, but also in the world. On the development of tourism and recreation, he ranks first in the world. In 2009, the number of foreign tourists visiting this area reached 220 million people. Specific features of this area of \u200b\u200bmarine tourism: the predominance of the linear forms of tourist and recreational development of the territory (along the sea coast), a large role of the islands, a pronounced seasonality of tourist flows with a multiple conversion of the summer (bathing) season, the creation of predominantly large complexes with a strong concentration of tourists and vacationers. This trend only in the 1980s was replaced by the transition to the formation of small-sized tourist centers, more relevant to the needs of modern active tourism and better fit into the surrounding natural environment. For a long time, France and Italy competed in Mediterranean tourism.

The main Mediterranean tourist and recreational area of \u200b\u200bFrance is called French Riviera or Cote d'Azur. This is a portion of the coast stretching 230 km from Toulon in the West to Menthons from the Franco-Italian border. Here, on the seaside alps protected from the northern winds Cote d'AzurThe amount of vest days a year reaches 300. The average annual air temperature is +20 ° C, and even in winter it does not fall below +8 ° C. Accordingly, the bathing season here is quite long. The "capital" of the French Riviera is the resort town of Nice, in which tourism gives work half of the population. Other resort cities - Cannes, famous for its annual film festivals, antibes, menton, are somewhat smaller.

Recently, the tourist and recreational purposes began the development of the western part of the Mediterranean coast of France, located between the mouth of the Rhone and Pyrenees (Languedoc - Roussillon).

In Italy, the main area of \u200b\u200bMediterranean tourism and recreation is the Italian Riviera, which is a continuation of French. She was also mastered by the European Aristocracy back in the XIX century. Among its resort cities are the most famous San Remo, Rapallo, Portofino. But in fact, the specialization in the seaside tourism has the entire seaside strip not only Ligurian, but also the Tyrrhenian Sea with such centers as Naples, Sorrento and many smaller in Calabria and Sicily. And on the Adriatic Sea, it is, above all, the Venetian Riviera.

The third country is "Big Troika" - Spain - In the long years, the reign of General Franco was much less available for foreign citizens. But after his death in 1975, she opened the rest of the world. Here, also a tourist boom began, and so that soon for quite a long time brought this country to the first place not only in Europe, but in the whole world. An unprecedented tourist boom in Spain is primarily due to the presence of richest natural and recreational resources and historical and architectural attractions, the proximity of the Western European tourist market, the creation of a first-class material and technical base of tourism and relative cheap tourist services. The following figures speak about the meaning and level of development of tourism in Spain: on absolute income from tourism, Spain occupies one of the first places in the world; 10% of the total active population is employed in the field of tourism; There are about 10 thousand hotels in the country, designed by almost 900 thousand seats. At the first stage of the tourist boom, this country acts as one of the most famous centers in the world of mass, cheap tourism, but after joining the European Union, it becomes more and more recreation area for rich Europeans. As a result, the Mediterranean coast of Spain actually turned into a solid chain of seaside resorts with a division of her onto a harsh bank, Golden Beach, Cote d'Azur, White Coast, sunny Beach. Popular Moz Recreation has long been already steel and Balearic O-Wa, located 100 km from eastern coast Pyrenean P-Ova. Having visited Mallorca on the main thing from these islands - another and a half ago Frederick Chopin wrote: "Life is amazing here."

In one of the most important tourist and recreational regions of the Mediterranean has long been evolved and adriatic coast Croatia. Its length in a straight line is 700 km, but together with numerous islands, which are more than 1.2 thousand (Dalmatian style of the sea coast), peninsulas, bays and straits, it increases to 6000 km. This increases the tourist and recreational capacity of the area of \u200b\u200bthe district, which is before the early 1990s. At the same time, about 1 million people took. Here are such famous sea resorts as Dubrovnik, Opatiy, Split, etc.

In Greece, on the coast Aegean SeaAlso many sea resorts, especially on the islands. And on the west coast of the Black Sea, the popular sea resorts of Bulgaria and Romania are actually a continuation of them. Large dominated here resort complexes: In Romania - Mamay, Ephorery in the vicinity of Constanta, in Bulgaria - Golden Sands, Friendship, Albena in the vicinity of Varna, Sunny Beach, Nessebar in the vicinity of Burgas. However, the holiday season continues here only for four or five warm months.

Resorts of the Romanian and Bulgarian Black Sea region offer resting harmonious combination warm sea, rich forest vegetation and favorable climate, and sometimes balneological sources. Among the recreants, representatives of Germany are dominated here, then tourists from CIS countries, from Scandinavian countries, Great Britain. This is a predominantly family tourism zone, providing for tourists in 2--3 star hotels, campsites and motels.

But seaside tourism in foreign Europe is not limited to the Mediterranean. Judging by Figure 2, he became a coastal zone specialization Atlantic Oceanas well as northern and Baltic Seas. There are also successfully dozens of seaside resorts - such as Bayonna in Spain, Saint-little in France, Ostend in Belgium, Brighton and born in the UK, Sopot in Poland. Recently, the Canary O-Wa, located in the Atlantic, which are 1150 km from the mainland, has been particularly popular.

Among the districts of mountain tourism, the alpine is occupied. Every year it is attended from 80 to 150 million people. The tourist development of the Alps began in the first half of the XIX century. And since then quickly expanded. First, the only tourist season here was summer, but then, as the construction of mining and sports complexes and the development of winter sports, the winter season was not less, if not more popular.

Now the Alps are a typical region of year-round tourism: hiking, from 1000 to 2000 m - skiing, and from 2000 to 3000 m - skiing and mountaineering prevails at altitudes up to 500 m. Development in the Alps of international tourism contributes to their favorable transport and geographical position. If it is conventionally considered the threshold of transport accessibility of mass tourism places such a distance that can be overcome for 12 hours by car, the Alps are available for residents of large industrial and urban agglomerations of most countries of foreign Europe.

The main host tourists in the Alpine district were and remains Austria and Switzerland. But this category of countries also includes France, Italy, Germany, Liechtenstein, Slovenia. As examples of the most popular mining and sports centers, Chamoniums in France, Davos in Switzerland, Boromio in Italy, Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Germany. However, in recent times in the Alps, the so-called rural tourism begins to receive increasingly distribution.

The material and technical base of alpine tourism today has reached a very high level. The total number of places to accommodate tourists exceeded 3 million in 12 thousand lifts and 40 thousand ski trails. However, such a tourist boom led to many negative consequences. This is a general deterioration of the environmental situation, overpopulation of many mountain valleys, Difficulties with transport during periods of especially greater influx of recreants, a decrease in agricultural space, etc. Therefore, the Alpine countries signed a long-term protection agreement ambient On the territory of nearly 200 thousand km 2.

The second major district of mountain tourism covers the average Mountain Mountains of Central Europe, Sudetes, Carpathians and Rila Rhodes. It is known for the mountain resorts of international class - such as Oberhof and Oberwisental in Germany, Zakopane in Poland, Strbsk-Pleso in Slovakia, Sinai and betrayed in Romania, Borovets and Pamporovo in Bulgaria. It is also known for healing mineral springs and muds that have such, for example, resorts like Baden-Baden, Bad Elter in Germany, Karlovy Vary, Mariansk-Lazne in the Czech Republic, Krynica, Ivonich, Schophannik in Poland. Mountains of Eastern and Southeastern Europe are also famous for their caves (Matsha, Postojna, Aggtelek, Magura). They are widely used for ski Sport and mountaineering. The most visited mountainous area is high tatras located on the border of Poland and Slovakia; It happens annually at least 7-8 million tourists.

The main areas of lake tourism in foreign Europe are the Lake Territory in Central Finland, Kashubskoye and Mazur Posaires in Poland, Mecklenburg Posoper in Germany, Lake Balaton in Hungary and Lago Maggiore in Italy.

River tourism received the greatest development on the Danube, on the rivers and canals of France, some other countries.

Southern District.

Southern Europe is a very important tourist zone. Located on the three, washed by the Mediterranean Sea, the South European Peninsulas (Pyrenean, Appenin, Balkan) and the territories adjacent to them, this zone is characterized by the attraction of the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, the Mediterranean climate, subtropical vegetation, is largely aligned and, equally important, A very difficult story that left in this zone a great many monuments of culture and architecture. Potor here and the ethnocon confessional composition of the population. So it can be argued that the attractiveness of the zone is large and diverse.

It is not by chance that the European coast of the Mediterranean attracts 100 million tourists-recreants annually.

Within the zone, tourist macroyons are quite clearly distinguished: the Adriatic, Pyrenean, Appeapiyo-Maltese, South France. This area of \u200b\u200bEurope takes 1315 thousand km 2 and includes 12 countries: Italy, Spain, Portugal, Malta, Greece, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Albania. It prevails a mountain relief and a subtropical climate with a dry summer, which creates peculiar conditions for the formation of a river network.

Four categories of tourist districts can be distinguished in the area of \u200b\u200bthe zone:

Resorts of the Adriatic coast;

Mountain, mainly ski centers;

Other internal areas with climate resorts;

Resorts with thermomineral sources.

Among the resort seaside centers - Dubrovnik, Opatia, Portorož, Pula, Split, Rijeka; Among the lake resorts - Bled, Ohrid; Among the resorts in mineral springs - the workshop of the bath. Among the cities that attract representatives cognitive tourism- The capital of the Allied Republic of Yugoslavia Belgrade, the capital of Croatia Zagreb, the capital of Slovenia Ljubljana (famous for its festivals, venice, museums).

Spain is particularly popular, where you can travel along the highland pyrenees, and on the arid Aragon, along the old and new Castile in the center of the country, on Andalusia in the south, rest and use the benefits of the sea on the coasts.

The zone of southern Europe is great southern coast France. Especially famous for their felling and treating the terms of the coast from Marseille to the border of France with Italy. This is the French Riviera. It is remarkable to the sixty-cell meter of it from Cannes to Mentons - Cote d'Azur, protected from the Nordic winds by the seaside Alps. All this coast has long been popular with recreable tourists different countries World. Often, representatives of the Russian aristocracy to the revolution, and representatives of Russian emigration after it, and now, representatives of the "New Russians" were already lived for a long time.

At the very border with Italy, the Principality of Monaco, famous for its wonderful oceanographic museum, is to an even greater degree - the world famous casino in Monte Carlo, which has been devoted to many Russian and foreign writers and novels.

Western region

The Western European zone covers an area of \u200b\u200b1108 thousand km 2 and is one of the most popular tourist zones of Europe. It includes 7 countries: Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria. It attracts tourists and very diverse nature, and many historical and cultural, historical and architectural objects. At the same time, it has a well-equipped infrastructure reflecting the total high level of labor in countries Western Europe. It is this circumstance that is largely common, although contradictory history unite this zone, despite natural contrasts, one. At the same time, within the limits of the zone, the differences in natural conditions, which are primarily determining the division of the zone on the macroyons: British, Alpine, Germany and Benilux countries, French District.

Western Europe is characterized by the following basic features: - the predominant of cognitive tourism (especially for Ireland hosting large flows of "transformers" from North America;

Weak development of resort tourism, which is explained by the climatic conditions unfavorable for this purpose:

An important place in the flow of cruise travelers who make sea trips around Europe, by Atlantic, etc.;

Predominance air transport of their own and foreign tourists over the car. "

In general, the Alpine District (which includes the "dwarf" state of Liechtenstein) is characterized by a well-developed tourist infrastructure that uses the slightest reason to attract tourists to one or another area, in one or another point of the Alps. It is not by chance that the Alps attend more than 60 million tourists per year.

The special tourist macrorayon of the Western European zone is Germany with the Benilyuks countries adjacent to it (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg).

The area is characterized by attractive nature. In the south there are medieval mountains, then there is a descent of north to northern and partially to the Baltic seas. Some lowlands (in the Netherlands) are located below sea level and protected by dams and dams. From the south to the north, the climate is changing. The most favorable for rest is in the valleys of South Germany, which led to the development of resorts there, including using healing waters. There are, of course, and seaside resorts. But the districts attract tourists not only by their nature: in four countries, survived many historical lifts and falls, a large number of cultural monuments of different eras have been preserved. Thus, the area appears as a sample of complex tourism.

French macrojone includes the territory of France without her alpine areas and the Mediterranean coast.

Plain on most of its territory, medieval in the Central French Massier area cutting by major river arteries Seine, Rona, Lauraya, Garonna with their tributaries and numerous picturesque river valleys, going out in the western part of its Atlantic and possessing a huge number of historical monuments and museums of different Epochs (starting with ancient times and to the present day), the French area is one of the most attractive not only in Europe, but also around the world, as the number of tourists arriving here.

Of course, the main tourist mesorae is Paris - "Mecca" of all tourists of the world. His attractions are well known (Cathedral of the Parisian Mother of God, Louvre, Champs Elysees and Triumphal Arch, the house of people with disabilities with the Tomb of Napoleon, the Cemetery of Per Lashez, suburban versals).

We can say that the whole area is hydrated by history, architecture, legends. This also applies to such an important Mesoorion, as the French part of the Pyrenees, where they live a bask. Their main city is here - Bayon, southeast of which is the city of Lourdes, one of the very important pilgrimage centers of Catholics.

Central Eastern District

The Eastern European zone is the smallest area among other districts and takes 782 thousand km 2. It includes customer entries: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. Three confessions are dominated in the zone - Catholic (Poland, Hungary, Slovenia), Protestant (different types), Orthodox (Romania, Bulgaria). The same denominations are also characteristic of the Baltic countries, until recently we were part of the USSR.

As for natural conditions, they change very much from the north of the PA South. A tourist moving from the Baltic countries in Bulgaria sees a gradual change of landscapes - from forests in the north and center, steppe in Western Romania and Hungary to subtropicals in South Bulgaria. So natural attractiveness in this tourist zone is undoubtedly higher in the south, where, besides, there are Black Sea with its excellent beaches in Bulgaria and Romania.

Analyzing historical and cultural attractiveness, we can say that here, as they say, there is every country than to boast: all the states of this zone have an interesting story, traces and monuments of which are the most interesting tourist facilities.

The Black Sea region of Bulgaria focuses a large number of seaside resorts known worldwide. Tourists attract the sea, beaches, well-developed infrastructure. There are objects of cognitive tourism, among which and antiquity monuments. There are exotic natural and archaeological sites.

Capital Country Sofia is an important area of \u200b\u200bcognitive tourism (temples, monuments, interesting buildings of civil architecture). Near the city - the tourist complex of the Vitosha array and some other objects.

Northern District

The zone of Northern Europe includes a group of Scandinavian countries, the combined proximity of history and languages \u200b\u200b(Sweden, Norway, Denmark and its possession of Greenland, Iceland), as well as historically and geographically close to them Finland. This is the largest of the above districts (1809 thousand km 2).

Northern Europe is distinguished by natural attractiveness, with a special kind: the natural environment of the North European countries is originally known, although, by conventional standards, very severe; It (Wednesday) compared to other areas of Europe, mostly preserved its virgin, primordial character (although, of course, and not everywhere).

All increasing tourist demand PA A visit to the northern countries led to the fact that they began to build modern accommodation facilities - hotels, guest houses, motels, campings, bungalows, fisherman's houses, athlete, etc. The means of transport and the road are upgraded.

Sea cruises are organized in the polar circle areas with dog sled riding, with hunting on birds and animals. Arctic safari with a hunt of polar animals, including on polar bears, are arranged in Greenland.

The countries of Northern Europe as a whole are more than a supplier of tourists, but still constantly seek to increase the influx of tourists to their tourist zone. It should be noted that many people who come to Northern Europe visit several countries at once, partly and because the number of objects of historical and cultural cognitive tourism in most of them is quite limited.

Each of their northern Europe is a tourist macrojone.

Thus, tourist flows are mainly aimed at rest centers of West and Southern Europe (France, Spain, Italy). Such a concentration is the result of the habit of summer beach rest. The United Kingdom is known to educational tourism, and Northern Europe (Scandinavia and Ireland) specialize in environmental tourism. Europe is remembered for a long time with its landscapes, beautiful hotels and warm sea. In Europe, many places where you can go: Ski resorts In the Czech Republic and Switzerland, excursions in such cities like Paris, Rome, Venice.

Conclusion

Traditionally, Europe was and remains the region of the greatest attraction of tourists. This contributes to a high level of economic development of most countries, incomes of the population and its social structure (the predominance of the middle class), allowing to realize the need for rest outside their countries. As in other parts of the world, in foreign Europe, intraregional tourism prevails, i.e. The exchange of tourist flows between the European countries is higher than between Europe and other continents.

Based on the facts presented in this paper, we can say that the tourist boom in foreign Europe continues. And you can explain this by the following reasons.

Secondly, very favorable for Europe and cultural and historical factors: wealth is a variety of historical and architectural monuments, high level of spiritual and material culture, the mosaic of the national and religious composition of the population, a high level of education, the long tradition of cultural and other relations, both within the region and with other major regions of the world.

Thirdly, such socio-economic and economic and geographical factors as a high level of general economic development, growing incomes of the population, high urbanism, the presence of the necessary transport and social infrastructure, the close neighborhood of most countries of the region, are favorably affecting the development of tourism in foreign Europe; Also relative (in the conditions of the "Transport Revolution") proximity to others tourist regions Mira

Finally, fourthly, political factors should be taken into account. These include, above all, a long period of peaceful development of the region, deepening processes not only economic, but to a certain extent and political integration, simplification or cancellation of the border passport regime, the formation of "adherling" pan-European structures, especially within the EU.

List of used literature

Aksenova L.A. "Encyclopedia of the country of the world" / l. Aksenova, G.A. Galkina, G.I. Gladkiewicz, - M: Rosman-Press, 2008;

Alexandrova A.Yu. "International Tourism": studies. Handbook for universities, - M: aspect Press, 2008;

Babkin A.V. "Special types of tourism": studies. Manual, Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2008;

Birzhanov M.B. Introduction to tourism. - SPb.: Gerda, 1991

Voronkova L.P. The history of tourism and hospitality. - M., 2004;

Voskresensky V.Yu. "International Tourism": studies. manual for university students, - M.: Uniti-Dana, 2006;

Glushko A.A. "Geography of Tourism": studies. allowance / A.A. Glushko, Sazikin A.M., - Vladivostok: Tidot FEU, 2002;

Dmitrievsky Yu.d. "Tourist districts of the world": studies. manual, - Smolensk SSU, 2000;

Dmitrievsky Yu.d. "Country studies and geography of international tourism" - SPb, 2001;

Quarterna V.A. Tourism. - M., 2003;

Kosolapov AB "Tourist country studies. Europe and Asia: educational and practical manual. - 3rd ed., Course. - M.: Knourus, 2008;

Kuskov A.S. "Recreational geography" / b. Golubeva, A.S. Pieces, so-called Odenty, - M.: Flint, 2005;

Shovels D. L. "Economic Geography and Regionalistics": Tutorial, 2004

Maksakovsky V.P. Geographic picture of the world. Kn.i-ii: general characteristics of the world. M.: Drop, 2008;

Maksakovsky V.P. Historical geography in the world. M.: Ecopros, 1999;

Nikolaenko D. "Recreation Geography": studies. Handbook for universities - Rostov-on-Don: Vlados, 2003;

Okladnikova E.A. "International tourism. Geography of tourist resources of the world," - St. Petersburg, 2002;

Romanov A.A. "Geography of tourism" /a. Romanov, R.G. Sahakyans, - M.: Soviet Sport, 2004;

Romanov A.A. "Foreign Tourist Country Studies": Tutorial. - 2nd ed., Pererab. and add. - M.: Soviet Sport, 2001;

Samoilenko A.A. Geography of tourism: studies. Benefit. Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix 2005;

Countries and regions of the world: an economic and political reference book. Edited by Bulatova A.S. M.: Prospekt, 2005;

Encyclopedia of the countries of the world / ch. ed. Academician RAS Simonia N.A., - M.: Economy, 2004.

Attachment 1

Fig.1. Large centers of recreation and tourism in foreign Europe (according to the atlas "Nature and resources of the Earth")

Appendix 2.

Fig.2 Tourism centers in Spain.

Posted on Allbest.ru.

Introduction

Since recreational resources are distributed on the planet extremely unevenly, an increasing number of people go on a trip to recreational purposes and motifs. These recreational travel (therapeutic, wellness, cognitive, sports) became the basis for the development of recreational tourism. Recreational aspects are always present in business versions of tourism (business tourism, congress tourism, shopping-tourism).
The implementation of the tourist business in the market conditions can be carried out in the presence of four main components: capital, technology, personnel, recreational resources. This means that, insufficiently having capital, acquire footage, technology and tourism. To do this, you need to choose a place where recreational resources have, and if there is no such place, then create it. This is one of the specific features of the tourist business in the market conditions. Since the fourth component - recreational resources - is the most cheap, then in general it determines the high profitability of the tourist business. If tourism is associated with the creation of a tourist resource, the cost of the tourist product increases sharply.

Foreign Europe continues to remain the main tourist and recreational region of the world with a distinctly expressed progressive growth of tourists' arrivals: in 1970 it was visited by 113 million people, in 1980 - 190 million, in 1990 - 275 million, in 2000 - 393 Million, and in 2010 - 480 million from 20 leading countries in the world in the size of the inbound tourism of 11 European. Of the same first twenty countries in the size of the proceeds from tourism of European countries, too 11. All this indicates that the tourist boom in foreign Europe continues.

1. Natural factors conducive to the development of international tourism in the region

First, natural factors are conducive to the development of international tourism in the region: rich and diverse natural and recreational resources, emergency cutting of the coastline and the presence of a large number of bays, bays, inland seas, thousands of sea beaches, thick river network, landscape mosaic and combination on Neighboring territories of coastal and mountain landscapes.
Secondly, very favorable for Europe and cultural and historical factors: wealth is a variety of historical and architectural monuments, a high level of spiritual and material culture, the mosaic of the national and religious composition of the population, a high level of education, the long-standing traditions of cultural and other relations as within the region, So with other major regions of the world.
Thirdly, such socio-economic and economic and geographical factors as a high level of general economic development, growing incomes of the population, the presence of the necessary transport and social infrastructure, are favorably affecting the development of tourism in foreign Europe as a high level of general economic development, the following neighborhood of the countries of the region, as well as relative ( The conditions of the "transport revolution") are proximity to other tourist regions of the world.

2. Types of tourism in overseas Europe

Almost all possible types of tourism gained development in foreign Europe - cognitive, recreational, scientific, business, religious, ecological. The same vehicles used in it can be said, although the automobile prevails among them. Here, more in any other tourist macroregion of the world, intraregional tourism is expressed: approximately 9/10 of all foreign tourists are Europeans and only 1/10 - visiting from other regions of the world.
The distribution of arrivals of foreign citizens between individual countries of foreign Europe is shown in the picture in the appendix. It follows that in the entrance tourism leads the "big three" classic tourist countries in France, Spain and Italy, where the number of arriving exceeds 40 million per year. In the second echelon (from 10 million to 30 million per year), United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Poland, Andorra, Greece, Portugal, Netherlands are provided. The rest of the countries form the "third echelon". In the role of the main suppliers of foreign tourists are the countries of Central and Northern Europe, whereas in the countries of Southern Europe, the influx of tourists significantly exceeds their outflow. It is in these countries that revenues from international tourism are especially great. And in most micro-states of Europe, even a kind of monoculture of tourism has developed. That is why the main streams of tourists in the region have the direction of the north - south.

3. Tourist and recreational zoning

As a basis for tourist and recreational zoning of foreign Europe, its generally accepted four-meter zoning is usually taken. The World Tourist Organization (WTO) allocates four major district within this region - South, Western, Central Eastern and North; In this order they follow and in size to attract tourists. Yu. Dmitrevsky is also coming from the same membership, but within four large subregions (zones), it also distinguishes macroshions.

	Macrorayon	Countries
South Europe	Adriatic	Former Sforge and Albania
	Pyrenean	Spain, Portugal, Andorra
	Apennino-Maltese	Most of Italy, Vatican, San Marino, Malta
	South French
Western Europe	British	United Kingdom, Ireland
	Alpine	Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, parts of France And Italy
	German and countries Benilyuksa	Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
	French	Most of France
Eastern Europe	Baltia	Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia
	Polish	Poland
	Central	Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary
	Shortiestorsky	Romania, Bulgaria
North Europe		Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Finland

The proposed by Yu. D. Dmitrevsky diagram of the zoning is generally logical, but not enough uniform. For example, in the northern Europe zone, each country actually acts as a macrojone, whereas when the formation of other zones is used a slightly different approach. In the southern zone it is proposed to allocate not only macroraions, but also tourist areas in each of them, although in other zones there are no such areas stand out.
The tourist and recreational zoning of foreign Europe can be laid and another approach - with the allocation of areas and centers of Primorsky, mountain, lake and river tourism.
Let's start with the characteristics of the seaside tourist and recreational regions as the most common. In fact, judging by the drawing in the appendix, this goal uses a significant part of the entire sea coast of the region. But first of all, this is, of course, about the Mediterranean.
Mediterranean is the main tourist area not only in Europe, but also in the world. On the development of tourism and recreation, he ranks first in the world, ahead of even a huge Asia-Pacific region. According to reports, in 2005, the number of foreign tourists visiting this area reached 220 million people, most of them concentrated in the European Mediterranean. Specific features of this area of \u200b\u200bmarine tourism: the predominance of the linear forms of tourist and recreational development of the territory (along the sea coast), a large role of the islands, a pronounced seasonality of tourist flows with a multiple conversion of the summer (bathing) season, the creation of predominantly large complexes with a strong concentration of tourists and vacationers. This tendency is only in 1980-Russia. Replaced by the transition to the formation of small-sizes of tourist centers, more relevant needs of modern active tourism and better fit into the surrounding natural environment.
For a long time, France and Italy competed in Mediterranean tourism.
The main Mediterranean tourist-recreational district of France is called the French Riviera or Cote d'Azur. This is a portion of the coast stretching 230 km from Toulon in the West to Menthons from the Franco-Italian border. Here, on the Côte d'Azur coast protected from the northern winds, the number of days of days a year reaches 300. The average annual air temperature is +20 ° C, and even in winter it does not fall below +8 ° C. Accordingly, the bathing season here is quite long. The "capital" of the French Riviera is the resort town of Nice, in which tourism gives work half of the population. Other resort cities - Cannes, famous for its annual film festivals, antibes, menton, are somewhat smaller.
The French Riviera became a favorite place of seaside rest in the XIX century. The Balzac, Flaubert, Maupassan, were resting and worked. Already in the XX century. Bright descriptions of Riviera left American writers Ernest Hemingway, Scott Fitzgerald. The Russians discovered the Riviera also in the XIX century. F. I. Tyutchev, N. V. Gogol, A. I. Kubrin, A. P. Chekhov, I. A. Bunin, V. V. Mayakovsky, F. I. Shalyapin, S. P. Dyagilev.
Recently, the tourist recreational purposes began the development of the western part of the Mediterranean coast of France, located between the mouth of the Rhow and Pyrenees (Languedoc - Roussillon).
In Italy, the main area of \u200b\u200bMediterranean tourism and recreation is the Italian Riviera, which is a continuation of French. She was also mastered by the European Aristocracy in the XIX century. Among its resort cities are the most famous San Remo, Rapallo, Portofino. But in fact, the specialization in the seaside tourism has the entire seaside strip not only Ligurian, but also the Tyrrhenian Sea with such centers as Naples, Sorrento and many smaller in Calabria and Sicily. And on the Adriatic Sea, this is primarily Venetian Riviera.
The third country "Big Troika" is Spain - in the long years of the reign of General Franco was much less available for foreign citizens. But after his death in 1975, she opened the rest of the world. Here, also a tourist boom began, and so that soon for quite a long time brought this country to the first place not only in Europe, but in the whole world. An unprecedented tourist boom in Spain is explained primarily by the presence of richest natural and recreational resources and historical and architectural attractions, the proximity of the Western European tourist market, the creation of a first-class material and technical base of tourism and relative cheap tourist services. But it is necessary to take into account the change in the political situation in the country after leaving the past of the Franco regime. The following figures speak about the meaning and level of development of tourism in Spain: on absolute income from tourism, Spain occupies one of the first places in the world; 10% of the total active population is employed in the field of tourism; There are about 10 thousand hotels in the country, designed by almost 900 thousand seats. Only in 1992, Spain became a venue for mass events such as Expo-92 in Seville and Olympic Games in Barcelona.
I will add that, according to D. L. Shopotnova, over time, the tourist profile of Spain also began to be modified. At the first stage of the tourist boom, this country acts as one of the most famous centers in the world of mass, cheap tourism, but after joining the European Union, it becomes more and more recreation area for rich Europeans. As a result, the Mediterranean coast of Spain actually turned into a solid chain of sea resorts with a division of her onto a harsh bank, Golden Beach, Cote d'Azur, White Coast, Sunny Beach. The Balearic O-Wa, located 100 km from the Eastern Coast of the Pyrenean P-Oov, has long been a popular holiday destination. Having been on the main thing from these islands - Mallorca - one and a half century ago Frederick Chopin wrote: "Life is amazing here."
In one of the most important tourist recreational regions of the Mediterranean, the Adriatic coast of Croatia has long been transmitted. Its length in a straight line is 700 km, but together with numerous islands, which are more than 1.2 thousand (Dalmatian style of the sea coast), peninsulas, bays and straits, it increases to 6000 km. This increases the tourist and recreational capacity of the area of \u200b\u200bthe district, which is before the early 1990s. At the same time, about 1 million people took about 1 million. Here are such famous sea resorts as Dubrovnik, Opatiy, Split, etc.
In Greece, on the coast of the Aegean Sea, there are also many sea resorts, especially on the islands. And on the west coast of the Black Sea, the popular sea resorts of Bulgaria and Romania are actually a continuation of them. Large resort complexes are dominated here: in Romania - Mamaya, Ephery in the vicinity of Constanta, in Bulgaria - Golden Sands, Friendship, Albena in the vicinity of Varna, Sunny Beach, Nessebar in the vicinity of Burgas. However, the holiday season continues here only for four or five warm months.
The resorts of the Romanian and Bulgarian Black Sea region offer resting harmonious combination of a warm sea, rich forest vegetation and a favorable climate, and sometimes balneological sources. Among the holidaymakers, representatives of Germany are dominated here, then tourists from CIS countries, from the Scandinavian countries, Great Britain. This is a predominantly family tourism zone, providing for tourists in 2-3 star hotels, campsites and motels.
But seaside tourism in foreign Europe is not limited to the Mediterranean. Judging by the drawing in the appendix, he became a specialization of the coastal zone of the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Northern and Baltic Seas. There are also successfully dozens of seaside resorts - such as Bayonna in Spain, Saint-little in France, Ostend in Belgium, Brighton and born in the UK, Sopot in Poland. Recently, the Canary O-Wa, located in the Atlantic, which are 1150 km from the mainland, has been particularly popular.
Among the districts of mountain tourism, the alpine is occupied. Every year it is visited from 80 to 150 million people. The tourist development of the Alps began in the first half of the XIX century. And since then quickly expanded.
Now the Alps are a typical region of year-round tourism: hiking, from 1000 to 2000 m - skiing, and from 2000 to 3000 m - skiing and mountaineering prevails at altitudes up to 500 m. Development in the Alps of international tourism contributes to their favorable transport and geographical position. If it is conventionally considered the threshold of transport accessibility places of mass tourism such a distance that can be overcome for 12 hours by car, the Alps are available for residents of large industrial and city agglomerations of most countries of foreign Europe.
The main host tourists in the Alpine district were and remains Austria and Switzerland. But this category of countries also includes France, Italy, Germany, Liechtenstein, Slovenia. As examples of the most popular mountain-climatic and mountain-sports centers, Chamonix in France, Davos in Switzerland, Boromio in Italy, Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Germany. However, in recent times in the Alps, the so-called rural tourism begins to receive increasingly distribution.
The material and technical base of alpine tourism today has reached a very high level. The total number of places to accommodate tourists exceeded 3 million in 12 thousand lifts and 40 thousand ski trails. However, such a tourist boom led to many negative consequences. This is a general deterioration in the environmental situation, overpopulation of many mountain valleys, difficulties with transport during periods of particularly large influx of recreants, a decrease in agricultural space, etc. Therefore, the Alpine countries signed a long-term agreement on environmental protection in an area of \u200b\u200bnearly 200 thousand km 2.
The second major district of mountain tourism covers the average Mountain Mountains of Central Europe, Sudetes, Carpathians and Rila Rhodes. It is known for the mountain resorts of international class - such as Oberhof and Oberwisental in Germany, Zakopane in Poland, Strbsk-Pleso in Slovakia, Sinai and betrayed in Romania, Borovets and Pamporovo in Bulgaria. It is also known for healing mineral springs and muds that have such, for example, resorts like Baden-Baden, Bad Elter in Germany, Karlovy Vary, Mariansk-Lazne in the Czech Republic, Krynica, Ivonich, Schophannik in Poland. Mountains of Eastern and Southeastern Europe are also famous for their caves (Matsha, Postojna, Aggtelek, Magura). They are widely used for skiing and mountaineering. The most visited mountainous area is high tatras located on the border of Poland and Slovakia; There are no less than 7-8 million tourists every year.
The main areas of lake tourism in foreign Europe are the Lake Territory in Central Finland, Kashubskoye and Mazur Posaires in Poland, Mecklenburg Posoper in Germany, Lake Balaton in Hungary and Lago Maggiore in Italy.
River tourism received the greatest development on the Danube, on the rivers and canals of France, some other countries.
A few words about river tourism in various countries of Europe.

Spain.
Currently, a large number of tour operators work with Mediterranean countries. Seaside resorts of Spain enjoy the greatest popularity
Spain Country - Mosaic Country. Its island and mainland, in provinces and coaster, completely different appearance and character. Even standing nearby resort cities may vary: one is built on the shore of the bay and delight palm promenade and wide beaches; The other looks at the sea with high rocks, climbing on the slopes of steep streets stairs; The third is turned into an elegant yacht club with fashionable hotels and restaurants. Therefore, in Spain, you can spend your holiday for every taste.
In 1998, for the first time in the entire tourist history of Spain, 47,74200 who arrived by tourists were registered here, which put forward her to the honorable second place in
etc.................

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(4 slide)
Tourist flows are mainly sent to Western and Southern Europe recreation centers (France, Spain, Italy). Such a concentration is the result of the habit of summer beach rest.
United Kingdom is known to educational tourism.
Northern Europe (Scandinavia and Ireland) specialize in environmental tourism.

(5 slide)
Recreational resources of Greece
Thanks to the profitable geographical positionClimate and the presence of a large cultural and historical heritage Greece seemed to be created for tourism. The country as a whole is a unique collection of monuments of an ancient and ancient culture under the open-air. Each city has a museum or archaeological attractions, the ruins of circuses, theaters, religious and temple structures. In addition, tourists are attracted: the beautiful nature of the country; Big coastlinesuitable for the organization of marine resorts; many active types of recreation and entertainment, souvenir and other tourist demand goods; Tasty and diverse national cuisine, as well as the traditional guilty and hospitality of the Greeks.
Greece is historically and geographically divided into several areas, each area is rich in its various tourist resources and attractive for guests.

(8 slide)
Recreational resources of Italy
Italy is a classic tourist country. For a long time, it is a sustainable specialized recreational region visited mainly by Western tourists.
Italy is a country of great art, historic cities, excellent cuisine. It has a lot of charm, many places that are world famous. Italy is a representation country, and millions of tourists from all over the world come to see it.
The most attractive for a long time remain Rome, Florence and Venice, concentrating many wonderful monuments italian history and culture.

(10 slide)
Recreational resources of Portugal
If you evaluate portugal from a tourist point of view, it is possible to characterize it as follows: excellent beaches, romantic castles, charming fishing villages, excellent restaurants and wonderful folklore. Portuguese cities perfectly retained their past appearance and ancient architecture; Soft, pleasant eye landscapes complement the image of the country.
The great dignity of Portugal is a wonderful climate: it's never cold here. In Lisbon in January and February, the average at least daytime temperature is +8 degrees., And the average maximum daily temperatures + 14-15 degrees. It is very important that even in the summer, in the most hot months is never too hot: so, in August, the average maximum daily temperature does not rise above +28 degrees.
The history of Portugal is very interesting and is largely related to the sea.

(12 slide)
Recreational resources of England
Eternal fog, small drizzling rain, cobbled cobblestone, Tower and Tower Bridge, Big Ben and Westminster Abbey ... Well, what else is the country as not in England, such many different attractions are concentrated? I'm sorry, of course, but I will not tell about this country, I will not be in detail, I will be limited to individual interesting details, because there are many materials that occupied in this country.
Everyone has long been accustomed to the fact that England is a conservatine country, the British are committed to the established long-standing traditions and habits. This affects very many sides of the population. They still seek to live apart, in a separate house. Even some apartment buildings are built so that each apartment has its own entrance. Old residential buildings are often a long two-story brick construction with a multitude of doors painted in different color (to show that they belong to different owners).