Menu compilation Prepare the menu in advance. Be sure to make a list of what you need and reread the recipes carefully, paying attention not to the food, but to the dishes, tools and other materials that you need. Advice Any hostess

5. Parts of the rhetorical development of speech Parts (canons) of the rhetorical development of speech were defined in antiquity. Their composition has not undergone significant changes over the centuries. In total, five canons (stages of rhetorical action) are distinguished: 1) finding or

Drawing up a daily routine A good daily routine is the most harmonious combination of physical work and rest, mental work and rest, wakefulness and sleep time, meal times, taking water hardening procedures, performing

Drawing up a layout Many will say: everything that is written above is theory. In practice, no one does that - too much work. Well, this is partly true, but only partly. Of course, going on a one-day walk, you can do without any science without sandwiches and

2.3. Excursion route planning

Excursion route represents the most convenient route for the excursion group, contributing to the disclosure of the topic. It is built depending on the most correct sequence for a given excursion to inspect objects, the availability of sites for the location of the group, the need to ensure the safety of tourists. One of the objectives of the route is to contribute to the fullest disclosure of the topic.

The main requirements that must be taken into account by the planners of the route are the organization of the display of objects in a logical sequence and the provision of a visual basis for the disclosure of the topic.

In the practice of excursion institutions, there are three options for building routes: chronological, thematic and thematic-chronological.

An example of a chronological route is excursions dedicated to the life and work of prominent people.

Excursions related to the disclosure of a specific topic in the life of the city (for example, "Arkhangelsk is under construction", "Literary suburbs", etc.) are organized according to the thematic principle.

All city sightseeing excursions are structured according to thematic and chronological principles. The sequence of presentation of the material in chronology in such excursions is observed, as a rule, only with the disclosure of each subtopic.

Route development- a complex multi-stage procedure that requires a fairly high qualification and is one of the main elements of the technology for creating a new excursion. When developing a bus route, one should be guided by the "Rules road traffic"," Charter of road transport "," Rules for the carriage of passengers "and other departmental regulations.

Objects, depending on their role in the excursion, can be used as the main and additional.

The main objects are subjected to a deeper analysis, subtopics of the excursion are revealed on them.

The display of additional objects, as a rule, is carried out when the excursion group moves (transitions) and does not occupy a dominant position.

The route is built according to the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned taking into account the following requirements:

The display of objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, avoiding unnecessary repeated passes along the same section of the route (street, square, bridge, highway), that is, the so-called "loops";
- availability of the object (site for its inspection);
- moving or transition between objects should not take 10-15 minutes, so that there are no too long pauses in the show and story;
- availability of comfortable stops, including sanitary and parking places Vehicle.

It is recommended to have several options for the movement of the group at the time of the excursion. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by traffic jams, repair work on city highways. All this should be taken into account when creating various route options.

The development of the bus route ends with the coordination and approval of the passport and route scheme, calculation of the mileage and time of using vehicles.

Bypassing (bypassing) a route

Bypassing (bypassing) a route is one of the important stages in the development of a new excursion theme. When organizing a detour (detour) of the route, the following tasks are set:

1) familiarize yourself with the layout of the route, streets, squares along which the route is laid;
2) clarify the place where the object is located, as well as the place of the intended stop sightseeing bus or a walking group;
3) master the bus access to objects or parking lots;
4) conduct the timing of the time required to show objects, their verbal characteristics and the movement of the bus (pedestrian group), as well as clarify the duration of the excursion as a whole;
5) check the expediency of using the intended display objects;
6) choose the best points for displaying objects and options for the location of the excursion group;
7) choose a method of acquaintance with the object;
8) in order to ensure the safety of the movement of tourists along the route, identify potentially dangerous places and take measures.

Preparation of the control text of the excursion

The text is the material necessary for the full disclosure of all the sub-topics included in the excursion. The text is intended to provide a thematic focus of the guide's story, it formulates a certain point of view on the facts and events to which the excursion is devoted, and gives an objective assessment of the objects shown.

Requirements for the text: brevity, clarity of wording, the required amount of factual material, availability of information on the topic, full disclosure of the topic, literary language.

The text of the excursion is compiled by a creative group when developing a new topic and performs control functions. This means that each guide must build his story, taking into account the requirements of this text (control text).

The control text in most cases contains a chronological presentation of the material. This text does not reflect the structure of the excursion and is not built in a route sequence, with the distribution of the presented material by stops where the analysis of excursion objects takes place. The control text is carefully selected and verified by sources material, which is the basis for all excursions on this topic. Using the provisions and conclusions that are contained in the control text, the guide builds his own individual text.

Based on the test text, options for excursions on the same topic can be created, including for children and adults, for various groups of workers.

In order to facilitate the work on creating such options, the control text may include materials related to objects, subtopics and main issues that were not included in the route of this excursion.

In addition to the materials for the guide's story, the control text includes materials that should make up the content of the introductory word and conclusion of the excursion, as well as logical transitions. It should be easy to use. Quotes, figures and examples are accompanied by links to sources.

Acquisition of the "tour guide portfolio"

"Tour guide's portfolio"is the symbolic name of a set of visual aids used during the excursion. These aids are usually placed in a folder or a small portfolio.

One of the tasks of the "tour guide portfolio" is to reconstruct the missing links in the show. In excursions, it often happens that not all the objects necessary for the disclosure of the topic have been preserved. For example, sightseers cannot see a historic building that has been destroyed over time; the village destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, etc. Sometimes it becomes necessary to give an idea of ​​the original view of the place on which the building being inspected (residential area) was built. For this purpose, for example, photographs of a village or a vacant lot, panoramas of the construction of an enterprise, a residential area are used. The task may also arise to show what will be at the inspected place in the near future. In this case, excursionists are shown projects of buildings, structures, monuments.

During excursions, it is necessary to show photographs of people who are related to this object or events related to it (for example, portraits of members of the Wolfe family - friends of Alexander Pushkin - when conducting an excursion around the "Pushkin Ring of the Upper Volga Region").

The excursion is made more convincing by the demonstration of copies of original documents, manuscripts, literary works, about which the guide tells.

And one more important task of visual aids on excursions - give a visual representation of the object(plants, minerals, mechanisms by showing genuine samples or their photographs, models, dummies).

The "tour guide's portfolio" includes photographs geographic Maps, diagrams, drawings, pictures, product samples, etc. Such "portfolios" are created, as a rule, for each topic. They are a constant companion of the guide and help to make any journey into the past and present more exciting and rewarding. The content of the "portfolio" is dictated by the topic of the excursion.

The visual aids of the "tour guide portfolio" should be user-friendly. Their number should not be large, since in this case the manuals will distract excursionists from examining the original objects, scatter their attention.

The participants of the creative group, preparing a new excursion, select from the visual materials at their disposal the most expressive ones that can help the guide in covering the topic. The method of demonstrating visual aids is tested on the route. Then the recommendations on the use of materials of the "portfolio" are included in the methodological development.

Each exhibit included in the "portfolio" is accompanied by a leaflet with explanations or reference material. Sometimes explanations are glued to the back of the exhibit. This annotation serves as a source material for the guide when showing the exhibit to sightseers.

The list of visual materials of a certain topic included in the "guide's portfolio" should be updated throughout the development of a new excursion topic.

Museums, exhibitions, archives provide great assistance in the selection of visual materials for the "portfolio" of excursion organizations.

Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion

The success of the excursion is in direct proportion to the methodological techniques of presentation and story used in it. The choice of this or that methodological method is dictated by the tasks set for the excursion, the information richness of a particular object.

The work of the creative group at this stage consists of several parts: selection of the most effective methodological techniques for highlighting sub-topics, methodological techniques that are recommended depending on the excursion audience (adults, children), the time of the excursion (winter, summer, day, evening), features showing; determining the methods of preserving the attention of tourists and activating the process of perception of excursion material development of recommendations on the use of expressive means in the speech of the guide; selection of the rules of the excursion technique. It is equally important to determine the technology for using methodological techniques.

Determination of the excursion technique

The excursion technique unites all organizational issues of the excursion process. Authors bus excursion, for example, they carefully think over when and where excursionists go out to inspect an object, how excursionists move between objects, how and when exhibits of a "guide's portfolio" are shown, etc. The corresponding entries are made in the column of methodological development "Organizational instructions". These instructions are also addressed to the bus driver. For example, where to put the bus, where you need to go slower to observe the object from the window. Separate instructions refer to excursionists (observance of safety rules on the street, getting off the bus, accommodation in the cabin). It is important to formulate recommendations on the use of breaks in the excursion; on observance of the time allotted for coverage of sub-topics, organization of answers to questions from tourists; on the technique of using the "portfolio" exhibits; about the order of laying wreaths, etc. No less important are the instructions about the place of the guide when showing objects, guiding the independent work of excursionists on the route, conducting a story when the bus is moving.

Drawing up a methodological development

Methodical development - a document that defines how to conduct a given excursion, how best to organize the display of monuments, what methodology and technique of conducting should be applied to make the excursion effective. The methodological development sets out the requirements of the excursion methodology, taking into account the peculiarities of the objects on display and the content of the material presented. She disciplines the guide and must meet the following requirements: prompt the guide on the way to reveal the topic; equip him with the most effective methodological techniques of display and story; contain clear recommendations on the organization of the excursion; take into account the interests of a certain group of tourists (if there are excursion options); combine the show and the story into a single whole.

Methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion, including with a differentiated approach to the preparation and conduct of the excursion. In the variants of the methodological development, the age, professional and other interests of the tourists, the peculiarities of the methodology of its implementation, are reflected.

The methodological development is formalized as follows:

The title page contains data: the name of the excursion institution, the name of the topic of the excursion, the type of excursion, the length of the route, the duration in academic hours, the composition of the excursionists, the names and positions of the compilers, the date of the approval of the excursion by the head of the excursion institution.
- on the next page, the purpose and objectives of the excursion, a route diagram with an indication of objects and stops during the excursion are described.

Methodical development consists of three sections: introduction, main part and conclusion. The introduction and conclusion are not distributed among the columns. For example, what the recommendations for a guide look like on the construction of an introduction to the methodological development of an excursion on the topic - "Tyumen is the gateway to Siberia": "First of all, you need to get to know the group, name the guide and driver, then remind the tourists the rules of behavior on the bus, warning them that they will be able to ask questions and share their impressions when there is time for this.In the informational part it is necessary to name the topic, route, duration of the excursion, but it is advisable to do this in such a way as to arouse interest in the topic; to attract the attention of tourists, that is, this part of the introduction should be bright, emotional. It can begin with poems by AS Pushkin or a quote - the statement of the Decembrists about the untold riches of Siberia, the great future of this harsh land. " The landing place of the group is determined in working order together with the customer, the place of the beginning of the excursion is determined by the methodological development.

Table 2.1

An example of methodological development of an excursion

The effectiveness of the methodological development depends on the correct filling of all seven columns. Development size - 6-12 typewritten pages. The length of the document depends on the number of excursion objects, the number of subtopics, the duration of the excursion in time and the length of the route.

In the column " Excursion route"is the starting point of the excursion and the end of the I subtopic.

In the column " Stops"those points of the route are called where the exit from the bus is envisaged; it is supposed to inspect the object from the windows of the bus without excursions coming out or it is planned to stop on a walking tour. You should not make such inaccurate entries as, for example:" Volga River Embankment "or" Central Square ". write down: "The Volga river embankment near the monument to N. A. Nekrasov".

In the column " Display objects"list those memorable places, main and additional objects that are shown to the group at the stop, during the move or movement of the group to the next stop.

In a country excursion, the objects of display can be a whole city, village, urban-type settlement, and when traveling along the route, visible parts from a distance (a tall building, a tower, a bell tower, etc.). In a city tour, the objects of display can be a street or a square.

Count " Duration of the excursion". The time that is called in this column is the sum of the time spent on showing this object, the guide's story (the part when there is no show) and on the movement of excursionists along the route to the next stop. Here it is necessary to take into account the time spent on movement near the objects being inspected and between objects.

Count " Name of subtopics and list of main questions"contains short notes. First of all, a subtopic is called, which is revealed on a given segment of the route, at a given period of time, at the objects listed in column 3. Here, the main questions set forth when the subtopic is revealed are formulated. For example, in a city sightseeing tour in one of the subtopics is called “Poltava in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden.” The main issues that are covered in this sub-topic are “Swedes in Ukraine” and “Battle of Poltava.” The sub-topic “New Old Town” reveals the main issues: “Housing construction in the city "," Development of culture and art "," Construction of a sports complex. "The number of main issues included in the subtopic should not exceed five.

In the column " Organizational guidelines"place recommendations on the movement of the group, ensuring the safety of sightseers on the route and the fulfillment of sanitary and hygienic requirements, the rules of conduct for participants in the excursion in memorial sites and at monuments of history and culture. It also sets out the requirements for sightseers for nature protection and fire safety rules. include all the questions that are included in the concept of "Technique of conducting an excursion." Here is an example of a recording: "The group is positioned so that all tourists can see the entrance to the building." "At this stop, tourists are given time to take pictures." include instructions on sanitary stops, recommendations for nature protection, rules for the movement of tourists at stops, especially near highways in order to ensure their safety.

When conducting production excursions, visiting working shops, recommendations are given on safety precautions, excerpts from the instructions of the administration of the enterprise, the obligatory rules of behavior for excursionists at the enterprise, places are called where pauses are made in the story and display.

Count " Methodical instructions"determines the direction of the entire document, formulates the basic requirements for the guide on the method of conducting the excursion, gives instructions on the use of methodological techniques. For example, in the excursion" Khatyn Memorial Complex "on the object" Defense Line of the 100th Infantry Division ", two methodological instructions are given:" When revealing the subtopic, a verbal comparison is used, a certificate is given about the military potential of Nazi Germany at the time of its attack on the USSR "and" The story of the battles is conducted using the methodological method of visual reconstruction of the place where the hostilities took place. "

It should indicate where and how the methodology is applied. This column also outlines a variant of a logical transition to the next subtopic, gives recommendations on displaying materials from the "guide's portfolio", includes tips on using the movement of tourists relative to objects as a methodological technique (for example, "After observing the object and the guide's story, tourists can independently continue their acquaintance with object "," The guide should explain the terms ... "," When showing the battlefield, it is necessary to orient the excursionists ... ", etc.).

Drawing up an individual text

The excursion practice proceeds from the fact that the basis of the guide's story is individual text, which determines the sequence and completeness of the presentation of thoughts, helps the guide to logically build his story. Each guide composes such a text independently. The reference text is the basis for the individual text.

All individual texts, if there is a good control text, will have identical content, but different turns of speech, different words, different sequence in the story, there may even be different facts confirming the same position. Naturally, all the guides, being at the same object, will say the same thing.

You should not hide the control text from those who are developing a new excursion for themselves, since a creative group of the most trained guides worked on the control text, and the guide preparing a new topic for himself will not be able to achieve what was done before him by collective efforts. After the preliminary work of the guide on a new topic is completed (collection, study and primary processing of the material), he is allowed to familiarize himself with the control text. This will help him select material for the story, determine the optimal number of examples used to highlight the sub-topics, draw the right conclusions on the sub-topics of the excursion and in general. The reference to the control text, made on time, guarantees a higher level of preparation of the beginner for the excursion.

The main difference between the individual text and the control text is that it reflects the structure of the excursion and is built in full accordance with the methodological development of the excursion. The material is placed in the order in which the objects are shown, and has a clear division into parts. Each of them is dedicated to one of the subtopics. The individual text compiled in accordance with these requirements is a story ready for "use". The individual text contains a full statement of what should be told during the excursion. When presenting the essence of historical events, there should be no abbreviations or assessments of their significance.

It is also not allowed to mention facts without their dating, references to sources. At the same time, this type of text reflects the peculiarities of the "performer" speech. The guide's story consists, as it were, of separate parts tied to visual objects. These parts are combined by conclusions for each subtopic and logical transitions between subtopics (and objects). In an individual text, each subtopic is a separate story, suitable for use during the excursion.

When composing an individual text, its author should not forget about the logic of the sounding speech, that the word and the image (object) act, as a rule, on the feeling of sightseers synchronously. Striving for liveliness in the presentation of material on excursions should not lead to attempts to entertain tourists. When deciding on the combination of cognitive and entertaining elements on an excursion, the matter should be resolved according to the formula: maximum cognitive and minimum entertaining. The question of legends has a special place in the preparation of the excursion. Only legends can be used in excursions.

In terms of their content, both texts (control and individual) coincide. And this means that in the presence of a correctly composed test text, all guides who have mastered this topic, excursions are "standard". They are the same in their content, they coincide in the assessments of historical events and facts in the conclusions that they draw on individual sub-topics and on the topic as a whole.

While analyzing the same visual object, the guides show and tell the same thing. This is the meaning of the control text as a standard.

However, with equal content, the guides can use different turns of speech, they can present the recommended facts, figures and examples in a different sequence. The individuality of the excursion lies in the fact that the guides leading the excursion on the same topic may have varying degrees of emotionality. They can, being at the same object, use different presentation techniques and forms of storytelling. The same statement can be disclosed in different examples. The text should be written in the first person and express your individuality.

Storytelling and individual text

The success of the story depends on how close the individual text is to the generally accepted speech, how it takes into account the speech characteristics of that particular guide to whom this text belongs. "The degree of influence on our consciousness of various texts depends on many reasons and conditions (logic, evidence, novelty of the topic and information, psychological attitude of the author to influence or its absence, etc.)." However, speech, its properties, structure, and features play an equally important role.

The individual texts of almost all guides on the same topic are characterized by similarities in the content and presentation of the material, in the assessment of historical events, facts and examples. However, the stories of all the guides are individual. How does the individuality of the guide find its expression? All guides, conducting excursions on the same topic, tell the same thing, but speak differently. Their story is the same in content, but different in form, use of vocabulary, and emotional level.

The technique requires the guide to remember the significant difference between the speech of the lecturer and the guide when compiling an individual text.

During the excursion, the guide "rushes" the objects that need to be shown to the group. The two or three hours allotted for the excursion, the stay of the tourists on their feet and in the open air, force the guide to speak briefly, clearly characterize the monuments in front of the group, and concisely talk about the events connected with them.

The duration of the story should not exceed the time that the monument is capable of capturing the attention of sightseers. Most often it is five to seven minutes. If this time is not observed, then no liveliness of the story, no methodological techniques can restore the attention of the tourists. It is no coincidence that the term "object language" is used in the methodological literature. One of the tasks of the guide is to make the object "speak".

The technique of using individual text

The guide, just like the lecturer, can use his own individual text during the excursion. For ease of use, it is recommended to transfer the content of the story to special cards, where brief information about the object, the main thoughts of the story, individual quotes, and historical dates are recorded. For each subtopic, several cards are filled out (usually according to the number of main questions).

Using the cards, the guide does not read their content during the excursion, but only by looking into them, he recalls the content of the story. If there is a significant break between objects during the excursion, the guide can look at the cards again, refresh the story material in his memory. Most often, cards are used as a synopsis of a story in preparation for an excursion. The exceptions are those cards on which quotations and large excerpts from works of art are entered, the content of which forms the basis of the literary montage technique. On excursions, they are read in full.

The card should be easy to use. A small size is recommended, about a quarter of a sheet of thick writing paper, suitable for long-term use. The cards have serial numbers and are added before the excursion, taking into account the sequence of the revealed subtopics.

The use of cards on excursions is the right of every guide, but with the acquisition of experience, they no longer need to. The fact that the cards are at hand and can be used at the right time gives the guide confidence in his knowledge.

The presence of an individual text does not mean that all of it must be memorized and conveyed to the sightseers word for word.

Logical transitions

The creators of the excursion are faced with the task of linking the content of all subtopics into a single whole. It is solved with the help logical transitions, which should be considered as an important, although not of independent significance, part of the excursion. Well-composed logical transitions give the excursion harmony, ensure consistency in the presentation of the material, and are a guarantee that the next subtopic will be perceived with interest.

Often in excursions, when moving from one subtopic to another, they use formal (constructive) transitions... Formal is a transition that is not related to the content of the excursion and is not a "bridge" from one part of the excursion to another. (For example, "Now let's go through the square", "Now we will follow on with you", "Let's see another remarkable place"). However, one should not deny the legitimacy of using such transitions in general and consider them one of the mistakes in excursion work.

In cases when the movement between objects takes a few seconds, such transitions are inevitable: (For example, "Now look here" or "Please pay attention to the monument located nearby"). Such transitions are inevitable when viewing expositions in museums and at exhibitions, where halls, thematic sections and separate stands dedicated to various sub-themes are located close to each other. Constructive passage, not being a "transitional bridge" between sub-themes, directs excursionists to familiarize themselves with the next object.

More efficient logical transition, linked to the theme of the excursion... Such a transition can begin before the group moves to the next stop, or it can end already at a stop near the object. The logical transition is dictated not so much by the peculiarities of the excursion object, but by the content of the excursion itself, the subtopic after which this transition is made.

The duration of a logical transition is usually equal in time to the movement (transition) of the group from object to object, but it can be longer and shorter.

Acceptance (delivery) of excursions

In case of a positive assessment of the control text and methodological development of the excursion, as well as in the presence of a complete "tour guide's portfolio" and a route map, the date of acceptance (delivery) of a new excursion is assigned. Delivery of the excursion is entrusted to the head of the creative group. If he is absent due to illness or other valid reasons, the excursion is taken by one of the members of the creative group. The heads of the excursion institution, methodological workers, members of the creative group and methodological section, where the excursion was prepared, as well as heads of other sections, take part in the acceptance (delivery) of the excursion.

Acceptance (delivery) of the excursion is of a business nature, is carried out in the form of a creative discussion, exchange of views, identification of shortcomings. Participants in the excursion must be familiarized with its control text and methodological development, route diagram, content of the "guide's portfolio", list of used literature, etc.

Tour approval

With a positive conclusion on the control text and methodological development, as well as on the basis of calculating the cost and determining the rate of return of a new excursion, the head of the excursion institution issues an order approving a new excursion topic and a list of guides admitted to it.

Guides who took an active part in the development of the topic and listened to on the route or during the interview are allowed to work. The conclusion of the interview is made by the methodologist of the excursion-methodical department.

All other guides, who later independently prepared this topic, conduct a test excursion in the usual way. Guides (regardless of work experience) are allowed to conduct an excursion on a topic that is new to them only if they have an individual text after listening and issuing the corresponding order.

conclusions

Mandatory documentation on the topic. Preparing a new excursion topic is a complex process. This work is considered complete when all the necessary documents have been prepared. Documentation on excursion topics is stored in the methodological office.

Table 2.2.

Documentation required for each topic

9th grade student Anastasia Taryncheva

Our city of Bolgar today is famous tourist town Tatarstan. Places such as the Bulgarian Architectural Museum-Reserve, the White Mosque, the Bread Museum attract not only Russian, but also foreign tourists. But there are places in our area that the average tourist rarely visits. We are in our project, we offer to stay with us longer and visit places associated with the history, architecture and nature of our region.

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State budgetary health-improving educational institution of a sanatorium type for children in need of long-term treatment, "Bulgarian sanatorium boarding school"

Design work on the topic:

"Development of a tourist route to the historical and natural sights of the Spassky district»

9th grade student Anastasia Taryncheva

Scientific adviser:

Arinina Elena Khasiyatullovna

Geography teacher

Bolgar - 2015

1.Introduction .. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2

2.Project methodology …………………………………………………… ......................... .......... 3

3.Tourism in Spassky District ………………………………………………………………… 4

4. Description of the route. ……………………………………………………………………… ..5

5.Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………… ..8

6.Literature used ………………………………………………………………… ... 9

1. Introduction.

Tourism, as one of the highly profitable sectors of the economy, has been recognized as the economic phenomenon of the century for its rapid pace of development.

In many countries, tourism plays a significant role in the formation of gross domestic product , enhancing the foreign trade balance , ensuring employment of the population and creating additional jobs, has a positive impact on such key sectors of the economy as transport and communications, construction, agriculture, culture, art, production of consumer goods and others.

The Republic of Tatarstan, including our Spassky District, has a rich historical and cultural heritage and natural and recreational resources that contribute to both the development of domestic tourism and the reception of foreign citizens. Taking into account the above factors, the tourism sector of the republic should be declared a priority area of ​​the national economy.

Objective of the project:

• Contribute to the further formation of the modern tourism industry on the territory of the Spassky District as one of the leading branches of specialization.

Tasks:

• Collection of information about the recreational resources of the Spassky District
• Development of an excursion program in the Spassky district for several days with visits to places such as Rabiga - Kul, Suvar, s. Antonovka, Bulgar settlement and others.
• Creation of the presentation "Development of a tourist route to the historical and natural sights of the Spassky district."

2. Methodology of the project.

Creating a new tour on any topic is a complicated process.

Preparation of a new excursion goes through several steps:

• Preliminary work - selection of materials for a future excursion, their study. At the same time, there is a selection of objects on which the excursion will be built.
• The direct development of the excursion itself includes: drawing up an excursion route; processing of actual material; work on the content of the excursion, its main part, consisting of several main questions

1. Determination of the purpose and objectives of the excursion - work on any new excursion begins with a clear definition of its purpose. This helps the authors of the excursion to conduct their work in a more organized way. The purpose of the excursion is what for the sake of which excursionists are shown monuments of history and culture and other objects.
2. Selection of literature and compilation of bibliography - during the development of a new excursion, a list of books, brochures, articles published in newspapers and magazines is compiled that reveal the topic. The purpose of the list is to determine the approximate boundaries of the upcoming work on the study of literary sources, to assist the guides in using the necessary factual and theoretical material when preparing the text.
3. The selection and study of excursion objects - the correct selection of objects, their number, the sequence of displaying affect the quality of the excursion. The objects can be:

• memorable places associated with historical events in the life of our city, the development of society and the state;
• buildings and structures, memorial monuments associated with the life and work of prominent personalities;
• natural objects - forests, groves, parks, rivers, lakes, ponds, reserves and reserves;
• archaeological monuments - fortified settlements, ancient sites, settlements, burial mounds, earthen ramparts, sanctuaries, etc .;

To evaluate the objects that are included in the tour, it is recommended to use the following criteria:

Cognitive value - the connection of the object with a specific historical event, with a specific era, life and work of a famous figure of science and culture, the artistic merits of the monument, the possibility of their use in the aesthetic education of the participants of the excursion.

The fame of the object, its popularity among the population.

Unusual (exotic) object. This refers to the peculiarity, uniqueness of a monument of history and culture, buildings, structures. The uniqueness of the object can also be associated with some historical event, at the site of the installation of this monument, with a legend or historical event. Exotic can be natural.

The expressiveness of the object, that is, the external expressiveness of the object, its interaction with the background, the environment - buildings, structures, nature.

Preservation of the object. The state of the object is assessed in this moment, its readiness to be shown to sightseers.

The location of the object. When selecting objects, the distance to the monument, the convenience of access to it, the suitability of the road for vehicles, the possibility of bringing tourists to the object, the natural environment surrounding this object, the availability of a place suitable for the location of the group for observation should be taken into account.

Temporary restriction of the display of an object (by time of day, by days, months, seasons) - this is when visiting and inspecting the object is impossible due to poor visibility or seasonality

3. Tourism in the Spassky region.

The development of tourism in the Spassky municipal district should be considered not only the development of the Bulgarian state museum-reserve and the adjacent infrastructure, but the integrated development of the entire Spasskaya tourist zone and, in general, the development of tourism in Tatarstan.

The ancient city of Bolgar is one of the iconic objects tourism infrastructure Tatarstan. Along with the island town of Sviyazhsk, it was included in the list of objects of historical and cultural heritage developed with the participation of the Renaissance Foundation under the personal control of Rustam Minnikhanov and the first president of the Republic of Tatarstan. In 2014, the ancient city was visited by 285 thousand people, of which 2 thousand were foreign tourists.

One of the main events and results of five years of work of the Renaissance Foundation was the inclusion of Bolgar in the listUNESCO World Heritage Site

Bolgar is a city that is visited with excursions for only one day.

As a rule, tourists come to Tatarstan for a three-day tour and come to Bulgar only for one day. Perhaps partly because there are no routes worked out for a longer time,

although in addition to historical sites in the Spassky region there is beautiful nature. Thus, perhaps, just and would like to attract to outdoor recreation in a beautiful and historically significant place. Why not?

Tourists will be able to come with families, and the infrastructure in our area is developing, at the moment it is being builtnew modern hotel. .

In addition, our places are also pilgrims, so we can develop religious tourism as well.

It should be understood that Bolgar has already gone beyond the one-day route. The exposition of the place is such that tourists can stay for two days or even more. The Volga water area and nature itself contribute to the creation of tourist hiking trails... That is, it is not only a cultural and educational visit, but also outdoor recreation and outdoor activities.

The only problem of Bolgar is the lack of accommodation, and, of course, if a functional hotel and entertainment complex is soon built there, then perhaps our project will become interesting, as it offers a longer and more interesting route.

4. Description of the route.

5.Conclusion

Tourism as one of the most popular types active rest is an integral part of human life with his natural aspirations for the discovery and knowledge of new regions, natural monuments, history and culture, customs and traditions of various peoples. The organization of active, meaningful rest has become an important social task. Tourism is an important factor in improving a person's health, enhancing his creative activity, expanding his horizons.

Tourism is the most important means of education, which, due to its diversity and versatility, opens up wide opportunities for the practical preparation of a small citizen for a big life.

The development of this project is due to the desire to increase interest in the history and culture of Tatarstan. Arouse the interest of children and adults in the history of the small homeland through the organization excursion routes to historical monuments native land.

6. Used literature.

1. Abramov L. Spasskie legends. - Kazan: Around the city and villages, 2003 .-- 429 p.

2. Burdin E.A. Volga Atlantis: the tragedy of the great river. Ulyanovsk (Simbirsk) 2005-287

3. Taysin A.S. Geography of the Republic of Tatarstan. - Kazan: Magarif, 2000 .-- 223 p.

4. State register of PAs in the Republic of Tajikistan. Second edition. - Kazan: Idel-Press, 2007 .-- 408.

5. Reserved places. - Kazan, Idel-Press, 2007.

6. Atlas Tar.tarika. - Kazan: Institute of History. Sh. Mardzhani AN

7. Republic of Tatarstan, Ministry of Education and Science.

8. I get to know the world. Geography. - Moscow: AST, 2005.

9. R.G. Fakhrutdinov History of the Tatar people and Tatarstan Kazan

Magarif Publishing House 1995

10.www.tourfactor.ru

11.www.personalguide.ru

12.www.tattravel.ru

13.www.bolgar-portal.ru

14.www.goldcompass.ru

15.www.bolgar.info

16.http: //komanda-k.ru/

GDP is the total market value of the total volume of finalgoods and services produced in the economy for a certain period of time (usually a year). It is the main indicator of economic activity and economic activity in the country.

The route of the excursion is an excellently thought-out, more successful route for the excursion group, contributing to the disclosure of the topic.
The compilation of the route is, as it were, justified by the topic of the excursion, the location of the objects, the presence of paths for the entrance (approach) and platforms for displaying and inspecting objects. And it is not even necessary to say that the excursion, in general, the route should be built in such a way as to ensure the display of objects in a logical sequence and make, as we used to say, a visual basis for disclosure of the topic.
There are several, as most of us constantly say, the main compositional principles of building the route of the excursion: chronological, thematic, thematic-chronological, geographical.

An important stage in the development of the excursion is the preparation of the route. He completes the work on identifying objects.

The route is built according to the following principles: chronological, thematic and complex (chronological-thematic).

The route of the excursion is drawn up in accordance with its general composition, which ensures the integrity and logical consistency of the presentation of the material. When grouping objects associated with certain subtopics of the excursion, their remoteness, convenience of access, etc. are also taken into account.

The city sightseeing route should be compact. In this case, the maximum travel from object to object in the city usually does not exceed 15-20 minutes. In this case, it is desirable to alternate long and short intervals.

An important requirement for the route of the excursion is the absence of repeated passes along the same highway or area. Such travel is permitted only as an exception.

When compiling the route, the aesthetic value of the buildings and landscape located along the route is also taken into account.

An example, as we constantly say, of the chronological construction of the route can also serve as excursions dedicated to the life and work of outstanding personalities, in which excursionists are first introduced to the most early facts of a person's biography, and then, therefore, they serve material, adhering to, as we are used to talk, chronological canvas.

As usual, the thematic principle is used to build excursions related to the disclosure of a certain topic in the life of the town (region), for example: "Scientific Omsk", "Theater Omsk", etc. It would be bad, if we had not noted that the chronological principle, as it were, can be implemented within the individual subtopics of the excursion. I would very much like to emphasize that in this case we are dealing with a thematic-chronological comic principle, on the basis of which city sightseeing tours are built.

In the end, the geographical principle, in the end, implies following any landmarks on the ground: "Lyubinsky Prospekt", "Omsk from the board of the ship."

The listed compositional principles of building an excursion route occasionally appear in pure form, usually, they are combined, manifest themselves on different sections of the excursion.

When developing the route of the excursion group, the following imperative requirements are imposed on it:

1) the route should be designed so that, as we used to say, excursion objects are not placed very close to each other, do not obscure one another, do not contrast together;

2) the excursion route should also be small, moving or crossing between objects should not, in general, exceed 10 - 15 minutes, so as not to disrupt the continuity of the excursion process;

3) on the route should be, as usual, equipped stops, including, as everyone knows, sanitary, and parking places for vehicles;

4) on the route of the excursion group there should finally be no repeated passes or passes along, as everyone knows, one and, as many say, the same section of the route, the so-called "loops";

5) when drawing up the route, in general, the aesthetic value of the construction site and the landscape located along the path of the group's movement must be taken into account.

By the time of the excursion, along with, as most of us constantly say, the main routes, it is also purposeful to have several, as everyone knows, alternate options for the movement of the group to the option of probable unforeseen situations on the road: transport "Traffic jams", accidents, repair work.

When developing a bus route, in the end, it should be governed by the "Traffic Rules", "Auto Transport Charter", "Passenger Carriage Rules" and other departmental regulations. It should be emphasized that the development of a transport route ends with the calculation of the mileage and time of use of the vehicle. After the route is drawn up, a detour or detour is carried out.

Methodology for preparing an excursion.

Creating a new excursion on any topic is a complex process that requires the active participation of a whole team of employees. The content of the future excursion, its cognitive value are directly dependent on the knowledge of the methodologists and guides, their competence, the degree of their practical assimilation of the foundations of pedagogy and psychology, the ability to choose the most effective ways and techniques of influencing the audience. Excursion is the result of two most important processes: its preparation and implementation. They are interconnected, interdependent. It is impossible to ensure a high quality of the excursion with ill-considered preparation. In the preparation of a new excursion, two main directions can be distinguished: - development of a new topic of the excursion (new in general or new only for this excursion institution); him, but already previously developed and conducted in this institution excursion.
The first direction is the process of creating a new excursion for an excursion institution.
The preparation of a new excursion is entrusted to the creative team... It includes from 3 to 7 people, and in some cases even more, depending on the complexity of the topic. Most of these are guides working in the institution. Often specialists from various industries are invited as consultants - museum researchers, university and secondary school teachers, etc.
Usually, each of the members of the creative group is entrusted with the development of one of the sections, one of the sub-topics of the excursion, or one or more questions of the sub-topic. In order to control the work, the head of the creative group is selected.
Preparation of a new excursion goes through three main stages:
- Preliminary work - selection of materials for a future excursion, their study. At the same time, there is a selection of objects on which the excursion will be built.
- Direct development the excursion itself: drawing up an excursion route; processing of actual material; work on the content of the excursion, its main part, which consists of several main questions; control text writing; work on the methodology for conducting an excursion; selection of the most effective methodological techniques for showing and telling during the excursion; preparation of methodological development of a new excursion; individual guides writing texts.
- Zakl-I step - reception (protection) of excursions on the route. Approval of a new excursion by the head of the excursion department, admission of guides who have defended their topic to work on the route.
In its simplest form, the scheme of all excursions, regardless of the topic, type and form of conduct, is the same: introduction, main part, conclusion.
Introduction usually consists of two parts:

Organizational (acquaintance with excursion group and instructing excursionists about safety rules on the way and behavior on the route);

Informational (a short message about the topic, the length and duration of the route, the time of departure and arrival back, sanitary stops and the place where the excursion ends).

Main part is based on specific excursion objects, a combination of show and story. Its content consists of several sub-topics, which should be disclosed on objects and united by the topic. The number of subtopics is from 5 to 12. It is important to select the objects of disclosure of the content of the excursion topic, in a certain dosage in time and depending on the significance of a particular subtopic.

Conclusion, is not associated with excursion facilities. It should take 5-7 minutes in time and consist of two parts. The first- the summary of the main content of the excursion, a conclusion on the topic, realizing the purpose of the excursion. The second- information about other excursions that can expand and deepen this topic.

It is very important that the excursion be interesting enough, not overloaded with unnecessary information, and be best perceived by any category of tourists. the topic should be focused on a certain category of tourists (adults or children, youth, urban or rural residents, humanitarian workers, foreigners, etc.). Such accounting is called a differentiated approach to excursion services... It must take into account not only the interests, but also the goals of consumers. " stages of excursion preparation":

1. Determination of the purpose and objectives of the excursion.

2. Choice of theme.

3. Selection of literature and compilation of bibliography.

4. Determination of sources of excursion material. Acquaintance with expositions and funds of museums on the topic.

5. Selection and study of excursion objects.

6. Drawing up the route of the excursion.

7. Detour or bypass route.

8. Preparation of the control text of the excursion.

9. Acquisition of the "tour guide portfolio".

10. Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion.

11. Determination of the excursion technique.

12. Drawing up a methodological development.

13. Compilation of individual texts.

14. Acceptance (delivery) of the excursion.

15. Excursion approval.

In general, the design of a tourist service is carried out in the following sequence:

• * establishment of standardized characteristics of the service;
• * the establishment of technologies for the process of serving tourists;
• * development of technological documentation;
• * definition of quality control methods;
• * project analysis;
• * project submission for approval.

The result of designing a tourist service is technological documents (technological maps, rules, instructions, etc.).

The quality control documentation should establish the forms, methods and organization of control over the implementation of the tourist service process in order to ensure its compliance with the planned characteristics.

Project analysis is the final design stage. It is carried out by representatives of the relevant functional units of the tourism enterprise.

It is aimed at identifying and timely elimination of inconsistencies in the project. The result of the analysis is the updated content of the technological documentation of the tourist enterprise.

The documentation for the designed tourist services and tourist service processes is approved by the head of the tourist company in agreement with the customer.

The development of a specific tourist route is a complex and multi-stage procedure that requires highly qualified developers and is the main element of tourist service technology. This procedure is time-consuming and sometimes takes several months. It ends with the coordination and approval of the route passport. The route passport is used when forming tours.

Route development includes the following main stages:

• * research of tourist resources along the proposed route;
• * marketing of the market for tourist services along this route;
• * determination of the type of route;
• * construction of a sketch model;
• * binding the route to the points of life support;
• * development of a security scheme;
• * development of the route passport;
• * approval of the passport with the relevant services;
• * trial running and making the necessary changes;
• * approval of the passport of the route.

After the route has been developed, agreements (contracts) are concluded with carriers. These can be contracts with airlines, railways, trucking companies and shipping.

In the process of developing the route, there is an intensive correspondence with the host party, the conditions for receiving and servicing tourists, conditions for booking hotels, agreeing on dates of arrival and time of arrival, approval of guides are being negotiated.

The relationship with the host is based on the separation of the services provided. A foreign company provides accommodation, meals, excursions, and sometimes insurance. Russian company - transportation of tourists, insurance, visa processing. The advertising campaign is carried out by a Russian firm using only its own funds, without the help of a partner.

A tour operator himself can conclude contracts with hotels, restaurants, transport organizations, with excursion service bureaus, etc., but such an activity may not be profitable for him, since it requires a lot of money and time.

The system of relationships between the main actors in the field international tourism legally formalized by contracts.

The agreement on cooperation in the field of international tourism between Russian and foreign companies is based on the division of the services provided between them and includes the following articles:

1. The Subject of the Agreement.

The form of cooperation, the legal framework, relations with third parties, the procedure for drawing up other documents related to the contract are reflected.

2. Obligations of the parties.

This clause stipulates the responsibilities of the sending and receiving parties. The minimum and maximum number of tourists and groups, routes, programs and service conditions are discussed.

3. Service documents and the procedure for their use.

This paragraph contains a list of basic documents for tourist services, and briefly tells their content. This clause is necessary to resolve disputes between the parties in the event of unfair performance of an obligation by one or another party.

• 4. Medical service and the conditions for its provision.
• 5. Order cancellation procedure.
• 6. Terms of payment.

There are various ways to pay for the provision tourist services: check, letter of credit, bank transfer, cash payment. Checks and letters of credit are practically not used, although a letter of credit is the most reliable form of securing payment and fulfilling all the terms of the agreement, since the money transferred in advance from the sending party's foreign currency account is kept in the bank and is not issued to the receiving party after the presentation of documents confirming the fulfillment of obligations.

7. Liability for Damage.

This clause stipulates liability for damage to the health and property of the tourist, as well as liability for damage caused by the fault of the tourist.

8. Procedure for resolving disputes.

If it is impossible to reach an agreement, it is carried out by the arbitration court at the location of the defendant.

• 9. Special Conditions.
• 10. Procedure for entry into force, amendment and termination of the contract.
• 11. Legal addresses of the parties.

In our country, thousands of Russian and international tourist routes have been developed and operate with various modes of travel (bus, water, rail, foot, etc.).

Information on them can be obtained in local authorities tourism management, travel agencies and bureaus.

Formation of tours

After the development and approval of the route, they begin to form the tour.

According to GOST R 50681-94 "Tourist and excursion services. Design of tourist services", the design of the tour provides for the coordination of the capabilities of the enterprise carrying out this design with the requests of tourists.

The basis for the design of a service is its verbal model (short description) - a set of requirements identified as a result of research of the service market, agreed with the customer and taking into account the capabilities of the service provider.

Designing the process of serving tourists during the whole tourist travel is carried out according to separate stages of the provision of services and with the obligatory preparation of technological maps for each of them. The result of designing a tourist service is technological documentation (flow charts, instructions, contracts, rules, regulations, etc.).

When preparing the tour, the tour operator must submit for approval to the management:

• * description of the route, tour program, characteristics of accommodation facilities (addresses, names, accommodation conditions), food conditions;
• * calculation of the tour;
• * data about the country of the tourist trip, about the customs of the local population, shrines, monuments of nature, history, culture and other objects of tourist display, which are under special protection, the state of the natural environment, conditions of currency exchange;
• * safety conditions for tourists on the route;
• * information about the required addresses and telephone numbers (names, surnames of officials, embassies / consulates of Russia);
• * information about the host travel agency (phone numbers, addresses, names, the procedure for resolving conflict situations);
• * a sample voucher and a sheet of marks to the voucher (or documents replacing them, agreed with the host);
• * information on the rules of entry into the country (place) of temporary stay there, on customs requirements.

All these requirements are reflected in the following documents, which are approved by the general certification body:

1. Technological map of the route.

When developing a technological route map, the main indicators of the route, places of stay, arrival dates, approximate (expected) number of tourists, a program for serving tourists along the route, description are determined.

2. Passport of the route.

The passport of the route is a more detailed description of the route, includes organizational and legal aspects, regulates the relationship between the tourist company, tourist and the company that has entered into a partnership agreement with the tour operator. It also reflects the conditions of travel insurance.

3. Information leaflet.

According to the law "On Protection of Consumer Rights" and "On the Basics of Tourist Activities in the Russian Federation", the tourist must be provided with reliable and complete information about the upcoming trip. Therefore, the information sheet must be attached to the set of mandatory documents handed out to the client. It reflects basic information about the host country, the host company, the safety conditions of tourists on the route, the necessary contact numbers for communication with the Russian Embassy, ​​with the host company. It may also contain other documents: a memo-tour program, maps, brochures, etc.

• * accommodation facilities and a set of services provided;
• * living conditions (location, category, level of comfort);
• * nutritional conditions;
• * transfer conditions;
• * tour program;
• * excursion service;
• * the presence of an accompanying guide;
• * additional services.

The document is certified by the signature of the head and the seal of the enterprise. In addition to the information sheet, a memo for the tourist should be developed.

In accordance with the requirements of GOST R 50690-2000 clause 5.7, a tourist reminder must contain information on:

• * rules of entry into the country (s) of temporary stay;
• * conditions of stay;
• * customs regulations;
• * customs of the local population, national and religious peculiarities of the region, religious shrines, monuments of nature, history, culture and other objects of tourist display, which are under special protection;
• * the state of the environment;
• * health risk factors based on climatic and natural conditions;
• * time zone and climatic conditions on the route;
• * the dangers that tourists can meet while traveling;
• * rules of personal safety;
• * travel features;
• * exchange rates and the order of their exchange;
• * rules for car rental, traffic and parking;
• * other useful information.

The document is also certified by the signature of the head and the seal of the enterprise.

An inspector of the sale of vouchers (manager of a travel company) or the head of a tourist group develops an interview plan with tourists traveling abroad on this tour.

The interview should take place at the stage of registration of a tourist voucher.

During the conversation, the information, both included in the information sheet, and additional information related to the questions of the buyer of the tour (voucher) should be announced. In general, the content of the interview should include the following information: brief description place of stay (country, city); historical and cultural features; accepted norms of behavior; information about places that tourists are not recommended to visit on their own, about known methods of deception, about the level of prices (food, public transport):

• * on the need to comply with customs regulations;
• * extracts from the legislation of the host country relating to the stay of foreigners on its territory;
• * about the content health insurance(what applies), on the independent responsibility of a tourist who has not entered into an insurance contract in the event of a sudden illness or accident;
• About possible risk factors for the life and health of a tourist:
• - injury risk (how to avoid injuries, and what emergency measures should be taken in case of injury, pay attention to swimming in the sea and the pool, independent walks);
• - impact environment(favorable season for this trip, about the weather characteristics of the area, about the microclimate indicators in hotels and vehicles - air conditioning, heating, etc.);
• - fire hazard (on the observance of fire safety during living - smoking, using a boiler, etc.);
• - biological factors (about self-nutrition - food poisoning, about poisonous plants, insects and animals found in the region, about carriers of infectious diseases, especially for countries in Africa and Southeast Asia);
• - psychological risk factors (on the creation of conditions for normal life, on the need to comply with the rules of conduct for each tourist in order to prevent incorrect loads for other members of the tourist group);
• - hazardous radiation (on the effects of ultraviolet radiation on humans: warn about the difference in levels of solar radiation in the north and south, about a reasonable time spent on the beach, about measures to prevent heat stroke, sunburn);
• - other risk factors (providing tourists with sufficient information about the implemented travel services whether tourists clearly understand what is included in the service program, what is included in the price of the voucher, which services are basic, which are additional);
• - specific risk factors (on the level of professional preparedness of service personnel - escorts, tour guides, on the possibility of disasters and other emergencies, including those related to the state of public order: explain who to contact in such cases as not to create panic);
• - recommendations on the required level of personal physical fitness, health status, age restrictions (elderly people, small children), on the characteristics of individual equipment;
• * on measures to ensure the safety of the tourist's property (on the delivery of valuables for storage, on the loss of keys, baggage receipts, etc.). About where to go in case of loss of travel documents or passport;
• * about filing a claim in case of deviations from the service program (submit, while on the route, to the escort of the group, the representative of the receiving party, to the local administration, etc.).

Route catalog

Each referral manager compiles an information catalog, which reflects all the information on the route, about the host country, cities, hotel descriptions (rooms, meals, services) and excursions. Usually this is a colorfully designed album, in which a client, having come to the company, can and should find everything that may interest him, and the manager, having received regional studies, must provide all the information on emerging questions.

Tour calculation

After the prices for transport have been received, and the foreign partners have set the price for their package of services, the tour operator calculates the cost of the tourist voucher. In addition to the cost of the ticket and the package of services of the host company, overhead costs (rent, telephone conversations, fax correspondence, use of information networks, etc.) are included in the cost of the tourist voucher, the profit of the operator company and commissions to firms operating under an agency agreement are included, and also taxes charged to cost. As a result, we get the price at which vouchers for this route will be sold.

Sample voucher

The tourist voucher must be attached to the tourist voucher. According to Article 10 of the Law "On the Basics of Tourist Activities in the Russian Federation", on the basis of a tourist voucher, settlements are made between the tour operator and or the travel agent sending the tourist and the receiving tour operator or persons who have provided specific services.

A voucher is an official document that the sending company issues to individual tourists or a group leader in their hands as confirmation of their right to receive the services listed in it from the receiving company. Upon arrival of tourists at the destination, the voucher is handed over to the host.

Currently, international tourist vouchers are widely used in tourism.

An international travel voucher is a document that combines an ordinary voucher with an official payment document as an integral part of it. It saves you a lot of time and money. The International Travel Voucher is accepted by service businesses around the world and virtually eliminates the need to enter into agreements with each of these businesses separately.

One of the main documents of the technological documentation package is a contract with a client for travel services (sale of a voucher).

The terms of the contract include:

• * information about the tour operator (seller), including data on the license for the right to carry out tourist activities, the legal address of the company and bank details;
• * information about the tourist (buyer) in the amount necessary for the sale of the tourist product;
• * information about the tour operator at the reception (partner of the seller), including information about the license, legal address, bank details and contact numbers;
• * information on the consumer properties of the tourist product, the program of stay and the route of travel, on the safety conditions of tourists and certification of the tourist product;
• * date and time of the beginning and end of the trip, its duration;
• * the procedure for meeting, seeing off and accompanying tourists;
• * rights, obligations and responsibilities of the parties;
• * retail price of a tourist product and the procedure for its payment;
• * the minimum number of tourists in the group;
• * the term for informing the tourist that the trip will not take place due to the lack of a group;
• * conditions for amendment and termination of the contract, the procedure for settling disputes arising in this connection and compensation for losses;
• * the procedure and terms for the presentation of claims by the tourist.

Other terms of the contract are determined by agreement of the parties.

All documents are official, must be signed by the head of the enterprise and have a corporate seal.

The list of possible tourist services provided during a tourist trip is determined and specified in the draft tourist service program.

When developing a tourist service program, the following are determined:

• * travel route;
• * list of tourist enterprises - executors (providers) of services;
• * composition of excursions and sightseeing objects;
• * the period of the provision of services by each enterprise - service provider;
• * list hiking trips, walks;
• * a set of leisure activities;
• * duration of stay at each point of the route;
• * the number of tourists participating in the trip;
• * types of transport for domestic transport;
• * the need for guides, tour guides, foreign representatives, instructors, translators and others, as well as the need for their training;
• * the required number of vehicles;
• * the procedure for the preparation of advertising and information materials;
• * travel description form for information sheets to tourist vouchers and their number.

In the tourism business, there are two main types of tours:

• * inclusive tour - a comprehensive service that includes the entire package of tourist services: accommodation, meals, excursions, transportation, as well as additional services: household, sports, fitness, medical, etc .;
• * customized tour - a set of individual tourist services: food, accommodation, excursion services, transport, etc.

An inclusive tour is a tour with a rigid, pre-planned (even before contacting the client) set of services focused on a particular type of recreation or tourism. Its peculiarity is that the tourist pays in advance for the entire list of such services, without taking into account the fact that the tourist may not use it. The composition of services on an inclusive tour does not change during implementation. A tourist must buy such a tour entirely or refuse it altogether.

An inclusive tour can be developed and practically tested even before meeting with the consumers of such a tour. They are organized and offered, as a rule, on popular routes, for example "Classic Italy", "Imperial Petersburg and its suburbs", etc.

Inclusive tours are developed most often for mass group tourism, in connection with which they enjoy significant discounts on group services offered by transport and hotel enterprises as well as catering and entertainment establishments.

After the formation of an inclusive tour, as a rule, it must undergo an experimental implementation, the so-called "run-through". It can be combined with advertising free (or reduced) travel, cruise, etc. Based on the results of the advertising tour, the costs are clarified, the profit rate is determined, the price is calculated, the system of discounts is informed.

Thus, the main advantages of inclusive tours are:

• * lower cost compared to a tour where services are purchased separately;
• * the program and cost of the tour are known in advance;
• * the ability to maintain tour statistics;
• * extended opportunities for conducting an advertising campaign for such a tour.

A custom tour expands the tourist's possibilities for planning his own time, allows him to choose tourist and other services in accordance with his capabilities ("for money") and interests.

When selling custom tours, the formation of the program and the acquisition of the composition of services are made at the request and with the direct participation of the tourist himself. He is offered a choice of different service options for each type of service in the proposed holiday destination.

The services selected by the tourist are formed into the tour program, the price that the tourist pays when purchasing the product is calculated.

Formation of a tour, both inclusive and custom-made, in its essence is an "assembly" of a number of services and goods into one "shell", called a tour. In addition to the mechanical compilation of such a set, the formation of the tour provides for a feasibility study in order to determine profitability.

Recently, it has become more and more popular to form a tour using a computer. On the basis of the corresponding software in real time, a tour is formed that would satisfy the needs of the client to the maximum extent. If there are relevant agreements with transport companies and the presence of a ticket printing machine, a travel agency can issue a ticket for a tour right in its office, book places in hotels and the whole range of related tourist services.