Lake Onega Brief Description. Lake Onega - history, building

No wonder Karelia Based by the edge of blue lakes. After all, there are over 60 thousand. So it happened that of the two largest such water bodies - Onega And Lake Ladoga, throughout the story, as if competed with each other in their superiority. Yes, Onega Lake And in depth and in the area twice the smaller, but here is its water, in which more than 1150 rivers fall (in comparison: only 35 rivers-in ladle) wash 1650 islands (which is 2.5 times more in contrast to Ladoga). Even in terms of the quality of water, it boils over the belt, that there is a laugh, Baikal himself!
The shores in the northern part of the lake are elevated, densely covered with forest and are strongly pulled by bays, capes, lips, cliffs, in the southern half, they are low, mostly wetlands.
Basically, on Onego Frames are frequent when the waves reach a height of over 2 meters, but there are exceptions to breezes and a calm in the summer months.

History of Onega Lake

Onega Lake Refers to the pool Baltic Sea And spread out in the southeastern part of Karelia, similar in shape on a certain monster, stretching or culishly, whether the tentacles in the form of the bays to the north.
In this connection, the lake is assigned to such a name, until today it is not established. However, there are several versions of its origin. According to the first, AnIz translated from Finnish denotes "significant", which corresponds to the impressive sizes of the reservoir, because it is not in vain it is the second largest in Europe. According to another version, with the Sami "Onego" translates as sand, i.e. "Lake with a sand bottom." Another assumption is the "lowland plain" (the lake formed in the lowland) or the option from Finnish - "sound", which explained to the echo, reflected from the rocks prevailing in these places.
Previously, the Finns were called the "smoking lake" because of frequent and thick fogs standing above the reservoir.
The brand of Onega Lake was formed as a result of the operation of the glacier at the site of the failures of the earth's crust, so here is characteristic great depthsreaching a maximum of 130 meters.

Islands

The main part of the islands is concentrated in the northern and northeastern part of the Onega.
Zanezhye - The largest peninsula on the lake. This area is included in the UNESCO Heritage List as a unique territory, the only thing in all of Europe. There are many interesting objects on the islands and shores of the frozen and there: the villages, famous and not very, with ancient skewers, with churches, chapels. Among the travelers, the frozen nicknamed "Russian Rome". At Kizh's black soil grows various and unique vegetation for other islands. So every 100 meters, one type of forest is replaced by another.
On one of these islands is pearl of Onega Lake and frozen, the business card of Karelia - a whole museum, focusing the masterpieces of wooden architecture under open sky, famous for the whole world - Kizhi.
In the 10th century, the history of the island began when the local land populated by Finnish tribes - the Korela and the whole (from which the Veps and Karelia occurred), the Novgorodians were gradually developed. This mixture of two ethnits and put a fingerprint on the formation of the culture of the island (which affected the local dialect, samples of architecture, epics).

Another particularly protected part is another specifically protected part - Kizhi Schkers, which are a maze from the numerous islands of diverse shapes and sizes: from large to very tiny. Some of the highly harvested meadows, some dense forests, there are inner lakes on some, and the swamps are located.

To the most valuable natural objects Kizh's schker belongs:

The inner lakes and swamps on the island of Climatsky are the place of stopping and relaxing swans and geese, as well as the nesting of the crane. Here you can see rare types of insectivorous plants.

Island Volkostrov In a kilometer north of Kizhi island. These are the rocks, which are famous for the extraction of Volkostera amethysts and crouched meadows, and in the center of the object - herbal swamp with a number of rare plants of the republic. It is inspected by special routes.

Island Radkol - rocky island, therefore, the soil cover is strong-channel, and therefore it is impossible to meet the forest, except for small groups of birch and pines grow, and rare species of plants for this edge are of particular interest, as well as aboriginal plant species.

Lelikovo Island For a long time overgrown with grass on a belt, a few houses with tiny windows. And at the very beginning of the 19th century there were inhabitants of over 280 people and 90 yards. The main part of the population was Novgorod who escaped from the oppression of their boyars. Their main type of occupation was a hospital. Therefore, there are no forests here, since the trees were cleaned to be cut down to create passengers.
The church in the name of the Holy Forerunner built a local merchant of Cleales. The whole object came to the launch, the iconostasis was completely reversed. And let the church are not a masterpiece, but is a heritage from our ancestors. Here to this day, a centenary two-storey stone house has been preserved, in which the founder of the shrine has lived.

At the village of Drifts there is a sacred grove. Ancient ate was concentrated around the local chapels, the maximum diameter of the stems of which reaches the meter.
The Wooden Chapel of Prakes, Friday and Varlaam Khutynsky (1750) is not a valid, the iconostasis is not preserved. It is two rectangular cuts, delivered to each other. A wider of them-Songs with a porch, lick - actually a chapel. The hexagon bell tower towers over the genes. The benlarn tent is supported by a support from the poles and is completed by the masses of the bulbs. Both logs are covered with a double roof. On the south side of the chapel there is a bench for recreation, where you will have the opportunity to breathe the aroma of a freshly joined hay and a richness, see how the clockproof ripes and cranberries in the swamp nearby.

Thermal funnels in the central part of Kizhi island (100 meters west of the village of Yamek) illustrate a complete picture of how the landscape was formed. When melting the glacier, rivers with melt water were formed in its thicker. The sand and gravel swallowed the blocks of ice, which later melted and formed the caves whose arches were so pleased that the funnels formulated formed.

Deer Island

12 km east of the island of Kizhi Square a little more than 1 sq. Km, it is an archaeological monument of the republic, since limestone deposits formed by the residues of sponges, moss, corals and blue-green algae are preserved here, more than 2 billion years old. In the 17th century, a limestone was prey on the island, in which the burial ground was discovered with the bones of an ancient man, allegedly considered the ancestor, standing at the origins of the formation of the nationality of Samov, as well as numerous tools of hunting and fisheries, decorations.

Suisar village, Prionezhsky district (50 km from Petrozavodsk), founded in the 16th century, retained the initial historical layout and remnants of the relic firing grove. But the local old forge transported to the island of Kizhi and is now presented in the form of its exhibit. Now Suisar is an integral parking of the yacht regatta, which is held annually in Onega Lake

"Freight Road"

The exact location of the path was not recorded in historical sources. He stretched over the marshy forests, from the village of Nyukhcha in the White Sea to Meetz in the Lake Onega, with the aim of the secret yield of the troops of Peter I to the Swedish fortress Noteburg, so that the early 18th century to win and return Russia to the banks of the Neva and entering Russia Baltic coast. The road with a length of 260 km. It was posted in 14 days and was overcome by the footing battalions in 8 days, which in history is a complete paradox.

In a pair of kilometers from the village of Peggrea, the Medvezhiegorsky district, surrounded by a pine boron - located the same complex, which so carefully hid the nature in thick grass, was opened for everyone to see the fire: boulders in the form of human figures, animal figures "Duck", "Frog ", I served idols to worship the souls of the dead, the circles of the wanings from the boulders laid out by snail. On the territory of the monument were detected burials of ancient man

Clemetsky Island is the largest on the way to Kizhi Island (7 km from the reserve) with a length of 30 km. These places were famous for local people in various legends and epic. In addition, Klimatsky acquired special fame, perhaps, as the most mysterious, shrouded in the set of inexplicable stories: the vibration of the land under his feet, the gulling buzz, causing terrible headaches, the disappearance of people in one place and the appearance completely in the other, the failures in memory and much more.

On the same island you can see the ruins and someone preserved the frescoes of the Cleetsky Monastery (16th century). According to the legend, the Novgorod merchant Kima found a storm during the next trading path, and wasting about salvation, he promised to put the monastery at this place. Soon on the island and the desert appeared. After this incident, the climate remained part of life spent in solitude in the Holy Resident. Despite the diversity of the object, the atmosphere is pacifying here.

International Memorial Cemetery of Sandarmokh, Medvezhiegorsky District, A119 Highway on Perenets, 12 km. from Medvezhiegorsk.
The place in the 30s of the 20th century was used as execution and burial of the victims of Stalinist repressions (there are about 7 thousand people of 60 nationalities). These were mainly concluded by the Belomorsko-Baltian Canal and Solovetsky camps.
In the nearby chapel there is a book that lists the names of the shifted people. There are no birds singing here, there are no traces of animals. Now there are steles and crosses.

Places of Petroglyphs - the eastern shores of Onega Lake are mainly represented by scaling capes, storing monuments of the stone chronicles - Petroglyphs, presented by signs, pictures of animals, birds and transmitting the consciousness of those people who lived here in the Millennium Epoch BC. Until now, the importance of many and not solved by scientists.

Cape demons nose richer on petroglyphs. From this abundance is the most famous drawing in the form of a demon of more than 2 meters in length. There is no longer operating lighthouse. 200 meters east of the cape spread the rock island "Besych", which makes up a couple of caution. It is worth noting that the demons of the nose is a landmark in the Onega regatta.

In a kilometer north of the Besov of Cape, there is a cape. Of all the petroglyphs located in the Onega Complex, half is located on this Cape. Some of the petroglyphs is at the bottom of the lake. The edges of the cape are strongly cut differently by the sizes of seven-sizes with weak pictures in the water, between which the bays and bay are concentrated.

West shore

Shoksha - Old Veps, 60 km village. From Petrozavodsk. The history of the village began from the moment it was mining and processing raspberry quartzite. This is the sole deposit of the royal and tested stone. Used in the finishing of the Kazan Cathedral, Mausoleum, Winter PalaceAnd also supplied to France for Napoleon's tombstones.
At 16 km from Shoksha, you will see the ruins of one of the oldest in Karelia of the Annunciation Ion-Jasher Monastery (the village of Sheltosero, surrounded by forest lakes-lamb), already mentioned in the sources at the board of Ivan the Terrible. Founded the desert student Alexander Svirsky - Ion. Now the monastery is restored.

Koltsostrov one is major islands Onega Lake, an area of \u200b\u200babout 7 sqm. Interesting object On the rock "Bell" is located in the southwestern part of the island - "ringing stone" in the form of a boulder, when hitting the upper part of which a small cobblestone, the stone makes a melodious sound, which reminded the church bell ringing.

Where to stay

The rest was away from civilization on the shore of the most picturesque lakes may not only be serene, but also comfortable housing, each version of which is equipped with all the amenities of modern life. From the proposed manifold, any guest will find a housing in mind and to taste.
At the recreation center "Zaohego.ru" presents cottages with a high level of comfort (7 km from the facility), a house with amenities in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Kizhsky Schher. Services: Hunting (1000 rubles / person / day), Fishing (500 rubles / 8 h), Walking on the boat (from 700 rubles / day), excursions (from 2000 rubles), Banya, Banya.
The "Senov" housing turbase (Dress, 7 km. From Kizhi), guest houses with bathhouse, kitchen, smokehouse and mangal, shop in 3 km. The cost of accommodation from 2800 rubles per day.
Bolshaya Bear Course (M18, 27th km. From Medvezhiegorsk), Guest Complex for 2 people. - From 1800, VIP-cottage - from 3000, cottage for fisherman for 6 people - from 4200 rubles / day.

Fishing

IN Onega Lake There are about 50 species of fish, among them: pike, perch, bream, pike perch, catfish, pour, sterling and even salmon and trout. Such a variety is due to the complexity of the bottom relief due to the aligning declines and increasing the depths, which creates favorable conditions for its expansion.
The most common way of fishing fish, which can also master the newcomer in this business - trolling (using a boat under the engine), in which a downrigger can be used for fishing deep-water fish. Also applied fishing for spinning - throwing into the water of the bait, which, after which it begins to slowly pull up, imitating movement to the shore.

Fisherman's pier, a quartzite village (70 km from Petrozavodsk). Services: boats, echo sounders, mangal, smokehouse. Rent a boat for 4-5 people will cost about 10 thousand rubles at 8 o'clock, including the cost of fuel and fishing gear.

Country club "Silver Oneie". Services: Salmon catch licenses - 500 rubles., Instructor, Tackle, Storage Covers - 50 rubles / pc / day. Boat for 3 people for 5 hours will be 12,000, catamaran for 6 people at the same time - 15,000 rubles.

White nights in Karelia are considered one of the attractions of this edge, and compared to St. Petersburg, here they are longer, starting with may holidays, and ending with August. Of particular interest, this phenomenon causes lovers of picturesque landscapes when all nature is filled with magic paints. At this time, the day is quite light, almost as day. It is during this period of lovers extreme species Recreation annually collects on the "White Nights" rally.

Discover your corner in Lake Onega! Enjoy silence Karelian nature and the beauty of local landscapes, get unforgettable impressions From a great rest!

In the wonderful Northern region of Karelia, among the rocks, forests and swamps, a large lake spread out, which is often called Ladoga's younger brother. Maybe because this is the second largest Lake of Europe, and may also be because they have formed almost simultaneously, after the retreat of the last glaciers. And although the lake is almost two times less, and much smaller Ladoga (average depth - 30 meters), but the water here is very high quality, it is considered a much cleaner of Ladoga.

The lake has long been called, and the disputes about the origin of his name still appear. Many are believed that they received their name with the pond from the ancient right language, and means "smoking lake", since strong fogs became frequent phenomenon. According to another version of Onego - this is a slurred lake, according to the third name means "big, significant." There is also a version that the lake received its name from one of the 50 rivers, which fall into it. But most likely, this river received her name from the lake. It is curious and the fact that there is only one river from Onega, which carries its waters to the Great Ladoga.

Lake Onega is rich in the islands, there are more than 1,500 here. The shores of the islands are cut by the bays and bays, they give it a peculiar beauty and painting. And a row of rock carsa polished by the glacier and the Onega wave, became the sheets of a stone book, on which ancient man For more than four thousand years ago, he led the chronicle of his life. Petroglyphs of Onega Lakes, depicting men, birds, lizards, workers, boats, deer, swans, fish and some mysterious signs, in the form of mysterious circles and lines, are located for the most part on the east coast.

Mythyofaun Onega Lake is very diverse, there are white 47 species of fish: from bream and crucian to trout and salmon. Therefore, fishing has become one of the main types of rest in the pronsection. Onega lake is also very popular among yachtsmen. There are a festival of wooden ships "Blue Onego" and All-Russian sailing regatta cruising yachts "Onego".

See video: Fishing travels - fishing in the Lake Onega. Part 1

Part 2

The main attraction of the lake was the island of Kizhi, where the State Historical and Architectural and Ethnographic Museum-Reserve is located. And the Kizhi graveyard, consisting of the twenty-dongle church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, the nine-welcome church of the Intercession of the Virgin and the Tuter Bell Tower, has long become business card Karelia.

See where Onega is on the map:

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Its area with Islands, according to Strelbitsy, is 9751.1 km2

The lake is stretched along the North-North-West line and the greatest length of it between the black sands in the south and the mouth of Kums in the north comes up to 220 km, and the greatest width from the Lake Lake to Pudozhis is 86 km. The height of the lake is about 45 m. According to the nature of the structure, onega lake can be divided into two parts of the line coming from Petrozavodsk to the mouth of the water river. The whole southern part of the lake represents one extensive pool with a little winding coastline, while the North has character Schker: Here the lake branches himself into many narrow and long bays that retain the general direction from the North-North-West to the south-south-east. This nature of the shores significantly increases the length of the coastline of the lake, reaching up to 1,280 kilometers.

The shores of Onega Lake, mostly sublimated. In the north and western parts, it is covered, the southern part of the coast of the lowland and, especially near the mouth of the Vytegra River. East coast In the southern and middle part, sandy, formed by the deposits of the lake itself; Here you can trace the countries in the country three terraces; Next to north east Coast The lake becomes sublime and composed of solid. The nature of the structure of the north-western part of the lake, with its narrow bays, stretched from the north-west to the southeast and separated by the same narrow and long ridges, serves as one of the confidence confirms here in the ice era of extensive cover.

Onega Lake in Medvezhiegorsk

Onega lake takes a number of tributaries, of which the most significant poured into it from the southeast and the East is the river water, Andoma and Vytetem. Taking, in addition, many more rivers and rivers serving the sources of the whole mass of the lakes surrounding the Lake Onega, the latter forms an extensive water pool, which takes up to 58,328 square meters. kilometers. The only source of all this mass of the water serves the River Spear, arising from the south-western tip of the lake and flowing into Ladoga, entering the latter in the Neva River basin system. Lake Onega, occupying an intermediate position between and could play a big role in the inland waterway between and if it existed a shipping connection with the latter.

Coastline sharply differs in its nature in the southern and northern parts. As already mentioned above, there are few of the banks in the first part of the coast and there are no deeply frowning bays there. Otherwise, the northern and northeastern part of the lake is abounded by the bays, and, quite also, as it is noticeable in Ladoga. A particularly large coastal devulsion begins in Petrozavodsk and ends at the guy. At this distance of the coast, all the most significant bays are located; Of these, the following six are most noteworthy:

To the north-west of Petrozavodsk, an extensive lip of the same name is stretched, which, together with the Lake Lake, which makes it a continuation, comes to 17 km. length; At the entrance it has about 7 km. widths; Near the entrance is located from the south and from the north of several islets.

Next to the north is a large guba KondopazhskayaWhile running deep into the mainland is 30 km away. The width of the entrance is about 7 km., But it is narrowing up to 5 km. Suisari Island. Like the Petrozavodsk city and Kondopajskaya has its continuation of the lake, elongated by the direction. In the western part of the lip flows the Suna River, on which famous waterfall Kivach.

Lizhemskaya Guba - a narrow and long bay, walking in the mainland kilometers by 35; Its width at the entrance of about 5 km., Poals are narrowed to several hundred meters between the islands, which are quite a lot. The Lizhma River flows into it.

Unit Guba, up to 45 km long. And width from 6 km. up to several hundred meters. The lip is busy with the whole Islands archipelago.

Guba lip, coming kilometers on 20 in the Peninsula Zaughye; The width at the entrance to the lip reaches 9-10 km. In the southwestern wider part there are several islands.

Perenets Bay - It is also called the entire northeastern part of the lake, separating the peninsula of the endaint with the mainland. The greatest width of it against the city of Perenets, where it comes to 20 km. From this bay, three more very narrow and long lips are separated (length is up to 20 km., Width - 2 km. And less), far from deep into the northeastern part of the endress Peninsula.

Peninsula and Islands. Thanks to the long and narrow bays of the northwestern part of the lake, there is no shortage in the peninsulas, of which the most significant lies between the Lip Unic and the Perenets Bay. Its length, counting from the top of the Unicn lip, is up to 70 km., And the greatest width is up to 32 km. The width of the isthmus connecting it with the mainland is about 10 km. In addition to the Great Lip and the three others, separated from the Perenets Bay, the inside of the peninsula is cut through by several narrow and long lakes, stretched parallel to all the bays of this part of the lake.

Islands on a lot, but they are all located in the northern part of it: the largest of them is Climatsky, the southeastern tip of the frighting. It is about 24 km long. and about 7 km width. Of the others are remarkable: Kezh, Kerk, Oleni, Sennogubsky, Suisari. Some of the islands, especially Klimatsky, are quite densely populated.

Onega lake. Great Guba

According to work, the line 21 meters of depth, following, in general, quite close to the outline of the shores, are significantly removed from them on the south-western tip of the lake. Then this line leaves completely away: the lip is unicurious, the shed between the island of Climatik and the fright, the lip of the Great and middle part of the Perenets Bay. Inside this isobate in the northern part of the South, wide half of the lake, the extensive space is occupied by the pool with depths from 9-12 meters, in the middle of which there are several places with depths that reach 14.2 - 14.5 meters.

The greatest depths are found north of the Petrozavodsk line - the mouth of the water river. Here is the highest depth of 124 meters. And further north a few more depuses with depths of 111, 115.5 and even 132.5 meters. These depths are between the fright and the mainland. It should be noted that all with the greatest depths both in the northern and in the southern parts of the lake, stretched along the direction characteristic of the North-North-West to the south-south-east. Then significant depths are still found in the northern tip of the Perenets Bay, where they reach 92.4 meters.

Water level and flow. The correct annual fluctuations in the level of the lake level are insignificant: the greatest difference in levels, still measured (at 20 years), is 1.8 meters. These studies did not show existence in the lake of any correct currents. In the middle, the pelagic part, they depend on the direction of the particulars, the constant nature of the flow takes only among the mouths of the rivers flowing into the lake and against the mouth of the Sviri River - the source of the lake.

Opening and freezing. Observations on this issue are assembled very little: the ascension has an average opening on May 5, Petrozavodsk - also, and the freezing of the Ascension on December 22, in Petrozavodsk on November 26. The average number of ice-free surfaces for the first point - 231, for the second - 205. In winter, the lake is covered with solid ice cover, according to which there is a message across the lake. The duration of the navigation is certainly somewhat less than the numbers of days free from ice cover.

Lake Onega can be attributed to the treasures of Karelia, where thousands of tourists come from different cities.

Ogean Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Europe. His other name sounds like it, which is no coincidence. There are several opinions about the causes of the name. From the point of view of scientists, the reservoir received such a name from the river flowing next to him. Another opinion is due to the fact that in the area where the water is located, there are often fogs, liaison with what, it received the name of it - translated from the Old Finnish the swirling lake. About 1000 rivers fall into the lake onega, and only one follows - Svir.

Its area is approximately 9.9 thousand square meters. km. Depth of different sites hesitate. In the northern part, the depth is 127 m., And closer to the south of 20-30 m. Spring for the lake is characterized by water lift, which lasts for 1.5-2 months. Storms are often observed. The weather is unpredictable, the calm can instantly replace the storm. In some parts of the lake, water is so transparent, which is viewed to a depth of 8 m. Water is characterized by high quality.

An particular popularity of the lake is useful among fishermen. What is not surprising at all, because it is famous for fish wealth. It dwells various fish, including valuable commercial, such as trout, salmon. In total, 47 species of fish live in a reservoir. In addition, in the mouths of some tributaries of the lake, there is a double mollusk, which forms pearls with a pea size. In search of a precious ball on the reservoir, the pearls are arrived, but finding a pearl is not a small effort.

Lake Onega is very surprising by its form, the structure of the shores, a complex terrain, water quality, picturesque bays, fascinating sunsets and dresses. Especially fascinate sunsets and dawns. The main shore is sandy, but also encouraging, and even swampy shores. In the middle of the lake there are a lot of islands, there are a total of about 1,500 islands, among which are wild, with dense forests, part of the islands are caught by people.

Onega Lake is the second largest Lake in Europe. By area, equal to 9900 km 2, it occupies the fourth place among large lakes Russia. The maximum depth does not exceed 120 m. The main tributaries of the Onega Lake - Shuya, Sun and Water. It follows from it. Svir.

Basin of the lake of tectonic origin; It was largely reformed as a result of the activity of the glacier. Especially noticeable influence of the work of glaciers in the northern part of it, which is characterized by rug coastline: Here there is a lot of deep-smoking narrow bays stretched from the North-West to the south-east, that is, in the direction of the glacier.

The relief of the lake bottom is distinguished by the complex structure and extremely uneven distribution of depths. This is the Lake Onega, as well as Ladoga, stands out sharply among other large lakes in the world. About the line Petrozavodsk - the mouth of the water, the lake basin is divided into two sharply different parts: North and South. South part It has a smooth relief of the bottom and relatively small depths. Here, in turn, several morphologically isolated parts can be distinguished: 1) Svirk lip, 2) Svirkoena, 3) South Onego and 4) Central Onego.

The northern part of the lake basins has extremely sharp fluctuations in the depths, the presence of numerous long and deep Vpadin or holes separated by elevated bottom sections. A large number of chalks, capes, islands and bays gives this part of the lake shatter. Separate parts of the lake wear independent names: Big Onego, Petrozavodskaya Guba, Kondopoga Bay, Lizhem Guba, etc. The largest lip of the northern part of the lake is Perenets, it has a length of about 100 km.

Northern Coast Rocky, and South, East and Western shore, the bigger part is formed by a chain sand dunesreaching the height of 15-18 m, followed by the swamps sometimes. The whole deep-water part of the lake basin is made by light-green-green sludge, and small coastal parts of the lake - fishing, pebbles and boulders.

The amplitude of fluctuations in the level of the lake is small and is 50-55 cm per year; Its perennial values \u200b\u200bare equal to 1.8-1 9 m to the dependence on the nature of the weather in a particular year there is a different type of the annual movement of the water level, however, mostly the level of the level corresponds to the type of regime with distinctly pronounced, albeit a low spring flood. In century, the level of the lake is noticed a certain cyclicity that is well-consistent with the move of atmospheric precipitation.

It is interesting to note that in Onega Lake Stabrovsky engineer back in 1854, for the first time in Russia, sewage were recorded. This was done many years before sewage lakes began to study the trout.

The water balance of Onega Lake on average for a mertaining period (1887-1939) for calculations produced by 3.A. Viculina; Characterized by the following data (Table 1).

Table 1. Water balance of Lake Onega

The transparency of the water of the lake is relatively small, less than in Ladoga Lake. White disc, lowered into the water, ceases to be visible usually at a depth of 4 m. The water of the lake in the mass has a slightly brownish color due to the large influx of swamp water; Its mineralization is very weak and amounts to 30-40 mg / l, and rigidity is no more than 1 German degree. The greatest values \u200b\u200b(17 °) the water temperature reaches in August; In the bottom layers, even in the hottest periods, the temperature is not higher than 4 °. In the warm part of the year, the jump layer is well expressed and is at a depth of 20-25 m.

The process of freezing of Onega Lake begins with coastal shallow parts and gradually seizes the central deep-sea areas covered with ice much later due to the large stock of heat in water and excitement; This process lasts about 1.5-2 months - from mid-November to the end of January. The cleansing of the lake from ice begins in the southern part of the reservoir in the middle or late April. Most of the lake is revealed in the first decade of May, and central part - In the middle of this month. Onega lake is part of the Baltiyskoga of the Water Way and is a regulator of a sviri drain, the water energy of which is used in hydropower purposes.