List, names, descriptions, maps and photos of the largest lakes in russia.

Fresh water is the main wealth of Russia. This is what our children and grandchildren should be proud of. It is in the Russian Federation that there is most of all clean water in the world. Below is a rating of the ten largest Russian lakes by area, which are considered one of the cleanest and deepest in the world. Are you ready? Go…

Lake Ilmen is located in Novgorod region... Its area is 982 sq. km... The greatest depth is up to 10 meters.

This lake is very winding coastline... Its area is 986 sq. km... The maximum depth is up to 56 meters. This place is very fond of kayakers and fishermen.

White lake is located in the Vologda region. Its area is about 1284 sq. km... The average depth is 5–7 m. Approximately 29 species of various fish live here.

Lake Chany is located in Novosibirsk region... Its water is salty. The area according to various estimates varies from 1400 to 2000 sq. km... The greatest depth is 7 m. According to ancient legends, a huge snake lives in this lake, which devours people and livestock.

Lake Khanka is located in the Russian Far East. Its maximum depth is about 11 m, its area is 4,070 sq. km.

Lake Taimyr is located on the peninsula of the same name in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and is considered the northernmost in the world. Almost always covered with ice. Due to fluctuations in the water level, its area may change, and reach 4,560 sq. km... Max. depth - up to 26 m.

Lake Onega is located on the territory of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions. Its area is about 9,700 sq. km... The greatest depth is 127 m.

Ladoga lake is located on the territory of Karelia and the Leningrad region. It is the largest freshwater lake in Europe. Its area is more 17.6 thousand sq. km... The maximum depth is 230 meters. 35 rivers flow into it.

There are more than two million freshwater and salt lakes in Russia. The largest lakes in the European part of the country are Ladoga (17.87 thousand km2) and Onega (9.72 thousand km2) in the north-west, Lake Peipsi-Pskov (3.55 thousand km 4.58 thousand km²) on the Volga to the north of Moscow.

Narrow lakes from 160 to 320 km in length are located behind dams on the Don, Volga and Kama. In Siberia, similar artificial lakes are located on the upper Yenisei and its tributary Angara, where Bratsk reservoir 570 km long, it is one of the largest in the world. But they are all insignificant compared to Lake Baikal, the largest reservoir fresh water on the planet. With a length of 636 km and an average width of 50 km, the surface area of ​​Lake Baikal is 31.72 thousand km², and the maximum depth is 1642 m.

There are also countless smaller lakes located mainly in the poorly drained lowlands of the Russian and West Siberian plains, especially in the more northern regions. Some of them reach significant sizes, in particular, Lake Beloye (1.29 thousand km2), Topozero (0.98 thousand km2), Vygozero (0.56 thousand km2) and Lake Ilmen (0.98 thousand km2) on the territory of the European the north-west of the country, and Lake Chany (1.4-2 thousand km²) in the south-west of Siberia.

List of the largest lakes in Russia

We present to your attention the 10 largest lakes in the Russian Federation with a description, photo and geographical location on the map of the country.

Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland water body (area: 371 thousand km²). It is called the sea, not the lake, since the ancient Romans who arrived in this region discovered that its water was salty, and named the sea after the Caspian tribes who lived near the lake's coast. The Caspian Sea is bordered by the following five countries: Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran. The main river the lake is fed by the Volga, which provides about 80% of the inflow of the Caspian Sea, and the remaining 20% ​​comes from other smaller rivers.

The Caspian Sea is rich in oil and natural gas deposits, but the production of these is under development. Also, the mining process is hampered by the problem of separation natural resources lakes between the five countries bordering it. The Caspian Sea and the deltas of the rivers flowing into it are inhabited by about 160 species and subspecies of fish from 60 genera. About 62% of the species are endemic.

Baikal

Baikal is the deepest (1642 m), oldest (25-35 million years) and the most voluminous (23.6 thousand km³) of all lakes in the world; it is a superstar reservoir in the field of hydrology, geology, ecology and history. Today, Lake Baikal contains about 20 percent of fresh water on the Earth's surface, which is comparable in volume to the entire Amazon River basin. Baikal has 27 islands, including one more than 70 km long (Olkhon Island).

More than 1,500 species of animals live near the shores of the lake, 80% of which are not found anywhere else on the planet. The most famous representative of the Baikal fauna is the seal, which lives exclusively in fresh water. According to some reports, the population of seals is about 100,000 individuals. Also near the lake there are such large predators as wolves, which occupy the upper positions of the Siberian food chain, feeding on deer, birds, rodents and smaller predators.

Ladoga lake

Lake Ladoga is the largest freshwater lake Europe, located in northwestern Russia, 40 km east of St. Petersburg. The area of ​​the lake is 17.87 thousand km², the volume is 838 km³, and the maximum depth at a point west of the island of Valaam it reaches 230 m.

The depression of the lake appeared under the influence of glaciers. The northern shores are mostly high and rocky, and are also divided by deep, ice-covered bays. Southern shores have many sandy or rocky beaches, mostly low, slightly concave, overgrown with willow and alder. In some places there are ancient coastal quays covered with pine trees. The largest tributaries are the Volkhov, Svir and Vuoksa rivers.

Found in the lake 48 different types fish, of which the most common are roach, carp, bream, pike perch, perch and smelt. Of the 48 species, 25 are of commercial importance and 11 are in the important commercial fish category.

Lake Ladoga also serves as a key stopping point for migratory birds of the North Atlantic Flyway, which usually mark the arrival of spring.

Lake Onega

Lake Onega is the second largest lake in Europe, located in the northwest of the European part of Russia, between Lake Ladoga and the White Sea. It covers an area of ​​9.72 thousand km², 248 km in length and up to 83 km in width. The greatest depth is about 127 m.

The basin of the lake was formed by the movement of the earth's crust and glaciers. The high rocky shores in the north and northwest are composed of layered granite and are covered with forest. There are deep bays in Petrozavodsk, Kondopoga and Pevenets. The southern shores are narrow, sandy, often swampy or flooded. Lake Onega has about 1,650 islands, covering a total of about 260 km², usually in the northern and northwestern bays.

The lake is home to over 40 species of fish, including vendace (a small member of the salmon family), smelt, burbot bream, pike, perch, roach, and salmon. Many types of fish have significant economic value.

Taimyr

Taimyr is the second (after Baikal) largest lake in the Asian part of Russia, located in the central regions of the Taimyr Peninsula. It is located south of the Byrranga mountains, in the zone.

The lake and tundra zone is popular place for birds such as geese, swans, ducks, Upland Buzzard, Peregrine Falcon and Snowy Owls. Lake Taimyr is home to a large number of fish, including grayling, muksun, char and whitefish. Although the area is relatively remote, there is still a depletion of stocks of certain commercial fish species.

Taimyr is famous for the largest population of reindeer in Eurasia. Also in this region are found such animals as argali, arctic fox, wolf and lemmings. In 1975 the area was re-entered.

The lake and its surroundings have been included in the Taimyr nature reserve... Scientists have discovered plutonium in the sediments of the lake, which supposedly entered Taimyr through wind-carried radioactive particles after nuclear tests held on Novaya Zemlya during the Cold War.

Hanka

Lake Khanka has an area of ​​4 thousand km², of which approximately 97% is located in Russia. The maximum depth of the lake is 10.6 m, and the average volume is 18.3 km². The lake is fed by 23 rivers, 8 of which are in China, and the rest in the Russian Federation. The only outflow is the Sungacha River, which flows eastward to the Ussuri River, which forms the international border, and rushes northward, where it flows into the Amur River.

Khanka is famous as the home of the highest variety of birds in the whole temperate zone Eurasia. At least 327 species of nesting, wintering and migratory birds were observed in the lake area.

Peipsi-Pskov lake

Lake Peipsi-Pskov is the largest transboundary and the fifth (after Ladoga, Onega, Swedish Venern and Finnish Saimaa) largest lake in Europe, located on the border between Estonia and Russia. It occupies 3.6% of the total pool area Baltic Sea... A total of 30 islands are located on Lake Peipsi, and another 40 in the Velikaya River delta. Most of them rise only 1 to 2 m above the water level, and often suffer from floods.

About 54 species of coastal aquatic plants grow in the basin of Lake Peipsi-Pskov, including reeds, calamus, reeds and various grasses. The waters of the lake are inhabited by 42 species of fish, such as smelt, vendace, bream, perch, pike, roach and whitefish. Wetlands serve as important nesting and feeding grounds for migratory birds such as swans, geese and ducks, which migrate from Of the White Sea to the Baltic Sea. The region is home to one of the largest swallow colonies in Estonia.

Ubsu-Nur

Ubsu-Nur is the largest lake in Mongolia in terms of surface area (3.35 thousand km2), as well as the largest salt Lake in the country. The Ubsu-Nur basin is one of the most important biodiversity poles in Eurasia. Although most of the lake is located in Mongolia, its northeastern shores are located in the Tuva Republic Russian Federation.

The lake is shallow, very salty, and is a remnant big sea, which existed several thousand years ago. The basin covers an area of ​​about 70 thousand km² and is one of the best preserved natural steppe landscapes on the continent. It is here that the northernmost part of the desert and the southernmost part of the tundra meet.

Reed and freshwater river deltas serve as resting and nesting sites for numerous migratory birds. More than 220 bird species can be found around the lake, including the black stork, osprey, white-tailed eagle, whooper and black-headed gull. About 29 different fish species live in the waters of the lake, one of which is fit for human consumption. The mountainous region is home to Mongolian gerbils, wild sheep and Siberian ibex.

Vats

Although Lake Chany is not well known outside Siberia, it is one of the most large lakes country. Vats is not deep lake with salty and constantly fluctuating water, the level of which can vary from season to season and from year to year. The lands of the lake basin serve as pastures for cattle.

Vats play an important role in the fisheries industry in the region. The most common species are silver carp, carp, ide, and perch. Recently, there has been a tendency for the depletion of fish stocks in the lake.

Lake White

By area, Beloye is the second (after Onega) natural lake Vologda region, and the third (after the Rybinsk reservoir). It is one of the ten largest natural lakes in Europe. The lake has a relatively circular shape with a diameter of 46 km. Its area is 1.29 thousand km2, and the basin area is about 14 thousand km2.

The lake is famous for its fish stocks, the most famous delicacy is Belozersk smelt. The food supply and high oxygen levels create favorable conditions for the life of many species. The following types of fish are common in the waters of the lake: perch, pike, bream, ruff, sabrefish, roach, bleak, burbot, chub, rudd, whitefish, ide, tench, asp, dace and gudgeon).

Table of the 10 largest lakes in Russia

Lake name	Area, km²	Volume, km³	Dimensions, km	Maximum depth, m	Average depth, m
Caspian Sea	371000	78200	1200 to 435	1025	208
Baikal	31722	23615	636 by 79.5	1642	744,4
Ladoga lake	17870	838	219 to 125	230	46,9
Lake Onega	9720	285	248 to 83	127	30
Taimyr If you find an error, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl + Enter.

We present you the most impressive Russian lakes in terms of their size.

It remains to add that this is not the whole list of unique lakes in Russia. But, of course, these are the most large lakes in Russia.

White lake

Opens our top of the largest lakes in Russia - White Lake. It is located in the Vologda region. The area of ​​the reservoir fluctuates due to the low banks. And it is equal to almost 1300 square kilometers... The average depth of the White Lake is 5-7 meters, in some places, the figure can go up to 20 meters, this is due to the underwater pits.

There are about 29 species of fish in the reservoir, so the lake can be considered a real paradise for fishermen.

Lake Chany

Salt Lake Chany is located in the Novosibirsk region. According to various sources, the area of ​​this reservoir is from 1.4 thousand to 2 thousand square meters. The deepest lake is 12 meters.

Various legends have been circulating about Chany for a long time. According to one of them, a huge snake lives in the lake, which eats people and livestock. True, this has not been confirmed by any scientific data. It is likely that the legend was specially invented to attract tourists.

Ubsu-Nur

This is the largest lake in terms of area in Mongolia, on the territory of Russia it is located in the Republic of Tuva, although our country owns only 12 square kilometers. Its total area is 3 350 square kilometers, and its depth is 15 meters. The lake is closed, no river flows out of it, so the water has a bitter-salty taste.

Since 2003 the lake has been part of object World heritage UNESCO of the Ubsunur Basin.

Peipsi-Pskov lake

This lake is slightly larger than the Ubsu-Nur lake and is located, as the name suggests, on the territory of the Pskov region, it also borders on the Leningrad region and Estonia. It is not even just a lake, but a complex of lakes, consisting of Chudskoye, Pskovskoye and Teplye lakes. The area of ​​the complex is 3,555 square kilometers, the depth reaches 15 meters, and the average value fluctuates within 7 meters. Only one river Narva flows out of the lake, and about 30 rivers flow into it.

Because of its geographic location the shores of the lake are partially considered a border zone and access to them is limited. In the coastal strip of Lake Pskov there is a wetland ornithological reserve "Pskov-Chudskaya lakeside lowland"

Lake Khanka

Lake Khanka is located in the Far East, where Russia shares a border with China. The area of ​​the reservoir is about 4.2 thousand square kilometers, and the maximum depth is about 11 meters.

Lake Khanka - one of the largest lakes in Russia

Khanka has a pretty good location, so a lot of tourists come to the reservoir. They can simultaneously get acquainted with the customs and cultures of two countries at once. About 75 species of different fish live in the waters of the reservoir, and some of them are even listed in the Red Book of Russia.

Lake Taimyr

Taimyr Lake is located on the Taimyr Peninsula in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is the northernmost in the world. Taimyr is covered with ice for most of the year. And only one and a half months a year Taimyr is free of ice. Almost the entire lake freezes every winter to the bottom.

And due to fluctuations in the water level in the reservoir, its area can change up to a maximum of 4.56 thousand square kilometers. The maximum depth of the lake is about 26 meters. It should be noted that the flora and fauna of the Taimyr Lake is filled with arctic species. A river called Upper Taimyr flows through the Taimyr, at the exit from the lake it continues with the Lower.

Lake Onega

Lake Onega is located in Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions. The area of ​​the reservoir is about 9.7 thousand square kilometers, and its greatest depth is 124 meters.

People call Lake Onega "Onego-father". It is famous for its clean water and numerous historical monuments, which are located on the banks.

Ladoga lake

Lake Ladoga is located on the territory of Karelia and the Leningrad Region. The area of ​​the reservoir is more than 17.6 thousand square kilometers, but the deepest is 230 meters. Ladoga is one of the largest freshwater lakes in all of Europe.

Exactly 35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and in addition, the Neva River originates. The reservoir is home to 60 species of fish, more than half of which are caught on an industrial scale.

Lake Ladoga is the third largest lake in Russia

Onega and Ladoga lakes are very similar. Both are located in Northwest Russia and both belong to the Baltic Sea basin, moreover, both have the same origin. There are quite a few rocky islands on the lakes, some of which are famous for their historical, cultural and religious monuments. In particular, this is the Valaam archipelago, where it has been operating for about a thousand years. male monastery... The island of Kizhi is also famous with its wooden churches and a bell tower.

Baikal

This is the deepest lake on our planet. Its depth is about 1640 meters. Baikal is in eastern Siberia, between the Irkutsk region and Buryatia. The area of ​​the lake is more than 31.7 thousand square kilometers. Moreover, this is the largest fresh water reservoir in Russia, it contains up to 90 percent of the reserves. It should be noted that the water in Lake Baikal is unusually clean and transparent, therefore at all times it was considered healing. Tourists and naturalists constantly come to the lake, because Baikal is inhabited by a rich fauna, more than half of it is a local exclusive.

Exactly 336 rivers of various sizes flow into the lake, but only the Angara flows out of it. Her water resources is used by a number of the largest hydroelectric power plants.

The largest lake in Russia is the Caspian Sea

The list of the largest lakes in Russia is headed by a body of water, which is named "sea". This is the Caspian Sea. It is located on the border of Asia and Europe and washes the shores of five states. These are Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Iran and Azerbaijan. According to the most recent data, the area of ​​the Caspian Sea is 376 thousand square kilometers, and this figure can vary greatly. The maximum depth of the salt lake is 1025 meters. It can be found in the Middle and South Caspian, which are separated by the Apsheron ridge; this is an underwater connection of the Kopetdag and Caucasus mountain systems. It should be noted that the Caspian Sea is known all over the world not only because of its size, but also because of its water problems. According to one theory, the Caspian got its name from the ancient tribes of the Caspians, who lived in the southwest of the coast.

Due to the imbalance between the amount of evaporation and water entering the Caspian, the area of ​​the lake can fluctuate. In the last century, it began to decline steadily. And about 30 years ago, the climate in the main supplier of water in the sea - the Volga basin - the arrival exceeded the discharge, so the flooding of the coastal territories began. By the way, natural gas and oil have been produced in the Caspian Sea since 1820, according to experts, reserves reach 20 billion tons.

By the way, the salinity of almost the entire reservoir is three times less than that of the ocean, but in the north of the Caspian Sea, the water can be fresh.
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Our country boasts the largest reserves of fresh water, most of which are found in lakes. Only one concentrates 19% of all world reserves. In total, there are about 2 million lakes within the Russian Federation with a total occupied territory of more than 700 thousand square meters. km including the Caspian Sea.

The top 10 includes the largest lakes in Russia in terms of area.

Area 1.29 thousand sq. km

Opens the rating of the largest lakes in Russia and covers an area of ​​1.29 thousand square meters. km, but due to the low banks, the area may fluctuate throughout the year. The volume of the water mass increased sharply in 1964 and this is due to the construction of the Sheksninsky reservoir. A huge natural foundation pit is filled with water by means of seventeen large rivers. The total number of rivers and streams flowing into the lake is about 60. The lake belongs to the Caspian Sea, since the only river, flowing from it flows into the Volga.

Area 2 thousand sq. km

It occupies the ninth line in the list of the largest lakes located on the territory of the Russian Federation. A drainless saline reservoir with an area of ​​2 thousand square meters. km. It is located in the Barabinskaya lowland of the Novosibirsk region. The name of the lake comes from the Turkic "chan", which means "large vessel". On its territory there are about 70 islands, the largest of which are Lezhan, Amelkina Griva, Bear and Kolpachok. Chany is home to 16 species of fish, including pike perch, perch, carp, goldfish and others.

Area 3.3 thousand sq. km

One of the ten largest lakes in Russia with an area of ​​3.3 thousand square meters. km. The reservoir is 85 kilometers long and 80 kilometers wide. Part of the lake is located in Mongolia, where Ubu-Nur is considered the largest body of water. It is inhabited by about 29 species of fish, of which only one is eaten by humans - the Altai Osman.

Area 3.5 thousand sq. km

It is located on the seventh position among the largest reservoirs in Russia. Its total area is about 3.5 thousand square meters. km. 30 waterways flow into the lake, and the only river Narva flows out. The reservoir is located on the border of Russia and Estonia. On the territory of Lake Peipsi-Pskov, there are 29 islands with an area of ​​about 26 sq. km. V coastal zone there is an ornithological reserve "Pskov-Chudskaya lakeside lowland", which is the most valuable reserve of rare species of plants and animals in the Baltic region.

Area 4 thousand sq. km

The sixth line in the top 10 largest lakes in Russia goes to the reservoir. Its location is the border between the Primorsky Territory of the Russian Federation and the Heilongjiang province of China. Khanka is the largest freshwater body of water Of the Far East with an area of ​​4 thousand sq. km. 24 waterways flow into the lake, including Melgunovka, Komissarovka, the Ilistaya river. Only one river flows out of Khanka - the Sungacha. Here is the international Russian-Chinese Khanka nature reserve.

Area 4.6 thousand sq. km

It occupies the fifth place among the largest lakes in Russia in terms of area. The largest body of water in the Krasnoyarsk Territory has an area of ​​4.6 thousand square meters. km. Its peculiarity is that for 9 months the lake is under ice. The local representatives of the flora include arctic fish species, including char, whitefish, muksun and others. Local islands serve as a nesting place for migratory birds - red-breasted geese and geese. The rivers Zapadnaya, Severnaya, Upper Taimyr, Baikura flow into Taimyr, and the Lower Taimyr flows out.

Area 9.6 thousand sq. km

It occupies the fourth place in the ranking with an area of ​​9.6 thousand square meters. km. It is 245 km long and 91 km wide. The reservoir is located on the territory of Karelia, as well as the Vologda and Leningrad regions. About 50 rivers flow into it, and the only river flows out - the Svir. Within Lake Onega, there are about 1,650 islands with a total occupied territory of 224 kilometers. The most famous is the island of Kizhi, where the museum-reserve of the same name is located. The reservoir is populated by 47 fish species, including salmon, trout, sterlet, pike perch, eel and others. Due to the habitat of valuable species of fish, fishing is developed here.

Ladoga lake Area 18 thousand sq. km

Opens the three largest lakes in Russia. Belongs to one of the largest fresh water bodies in Europe. Its area is about 18 thousand square meters. km, and the maximum depth reaches 230 meters. Lake Ladoga stretches for 219 kilometers from south to north, and 138 km from west to east. About 40 rivers and streams flow into the fresh water body, and the only river flows out - the Neva. There are more than 600 islands on Ladoga with a total area of ​​435 sq. km. The largest of them are Riekkalansari, Kilpola and Baalam. In the depths of water, 120 species of plants grow and 53 species of fish live, of which the most valuable are salmon, trout, pike perch and others. Here lives the Ladoga ringed seal, which is the only representative of pinnipeds. The species is protected and listed in the Red Book.

Area 31.7 thousand sq. km

It occupies the second line in the ranking of the largest lakes in Russia. It is the deepest lake in the world and the largest natural reservoir of fresh water, which contains about 19% of all world reserves. Its area is 31.7 thousand square meters. km, and depth - 1642 m. Baikal stretches for 636 km in length and 80 km in width. On its territory there are 27 peninsulas and islands, the largest of which is the Svyatoy Nos peninsula. According to some data, about 500 rivers and streams flow into it. TO largest rivers, flowing into Baikal are Selenga, Upper Angara, Turka, Tyya, etc. Only one river flows out of the lake - the Angara. The water in Lake Baikal is very transparent: at a depth of 40 meters, the flora and fauna of the reservoir is visible. There is a very rich animal world, represented by 2600 species, of which about a thousand are endemic.

Area 371 thousand sq. km

The name of this lake already speaks of its incredible size. The largest lake in Russia has an area of ​​371 thousand square meters. km. with a maximum depth in the South Caspian depression of more than a thousand meters. Its length is 1.2 thousand kilometers, and its width is about 500 kilometers. It is also the largest enclosed body of water in the world, which, due to its size, is equated to the sea. The lake supposedly got its name in honor of the Caspian tribes who lived on the coast in ancient times. The Caspian Sea is located at the junction of the continents of Europe and Asia. About 130 rivers flow into it, including such large waterways as the Volga, Sulak, Samur, Ural, etc. The sea washes the shores of 5 states at once: Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. The flora and fauna of the salt reservoir is very rich and has about 2 thousand representatives of the animal world and more than 700 species of plants.

Lakes of Russia. General characteristics of the lakes of Russia.

Lakes of Russia, general characteristics. Table.

Number of lakes in Russia	over 2 million
Total area of ​​lakes in Russia excluding the Caspian Sea	350 thousand km²
Total reserves of lake water	26 thousand km³
The share of lakes in Russia in the area of ​​the country
Russian lakes with an area of ​​over 100 km 2
Russian lakes with an area of ​​over 1000 km 2
Lakes of Russia over 100 m deep

The largest, largest lakes in Russia with an area of ​​over 500 km 2 are the European part.

The largest lakes in Russia European part	Water surface area, km²
Caspian Sea
Ladoga
Onega
Chudsko-Pskovskoe
White
Topozero
Ilmen
Segozero
Imandra
Pyaozero
Vygozero

The largest, largest lakes in Russia with an area of ​​over 500 km 2 - the Asian part (Siberia)

The largest lakes in Russia Asian part (Siberia)	Water surface area, km²
Baikal
Taimyr
Hanka
Ubsu-Nur
Vats
Khantayskoe
Pyasino
Kulundinskoe
Nerpichye

The largest and largest lakes in Russia. List (pivot table).

The list of the largest lakes in Russia is larger than 200 km², in descending order of area:

The largest lakes in Russia	Region (s) of Russia	Area, km²	Height above sea level, m	Depth, m	Flowing river
Caspian Sea					drainless
Baikal	Buryatia, Irkutsk region
Ladoga
Onega
Taimyr	Krasnoyarsk region
Hanka	Primorsky Krai
Chudsko-Pskovskoe	Pskov region
Ubsu-Nur					drainless
Vats	Novosibirsk region				drainless
White	Vologodskaya Oblast
Topozero	Republic of Karelia
Ilmen	Novgorod region
Khantayskoe	Krasnoyarsk region				duct to the lake. Small. Khantayskoe
Segozero	Republic of Karelia
Imandra	Murmansk region
Pyasino	Krasnoyarsk region
Kulundinskoe	Altai region				drainless
Pyaozero	Republic of Karelia
Vygozero	Republic of Karelia				Nizhny Vyg
Nerpichye	Kamchatka region
Labaz	Krasnoyarsk region				Boganida
Red	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug				channel to the Anadyr river
Chum	Krasnoyarsk region
Ubinskoe	Novosibirsk region
Pekulneyskoe	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Umbozero	Murmansk region
Vozhe	Vologodskaya Oblast
Kubenskoe	Vologodskaya Oblast
Chukchagirskoe	Khabarovsk region				Oldzhikan
Tailor	Krasnoyarsk region
Manych-Gudilo	Kalmykia, Stavropol region, Rostov region
Bologne	Khabarovsk region				channel to the Amur
Lacha	Arkhangelsk region
Udyl	Khabarovsk region
Mogotievo	Saha Republic
Vodlozero	Republic of Karelia
Llama	Krasnoyarsk region
Orel	Khabarovsk region				channel to the Amur
Kesey	Khabarovsk region				channel to the Amur
Small	Krasnoyarsk region
Kungasalah	Krasnoyarsk region
Syamozero	Republic of Karelia
Middle Kuito	Republic of Karelia
Pyhäjärvi	Republic of Karelia				channel to Lake Saimaa
Bustakh	Saha Republic				Suruktah
Yarroto 1st	Tyumen region				Right Yuribey
Sartlan	Novosibirsk region				drainless
Essey	Krasnoyarsk region				Shikei Seen
Nerpichye	Saha Republic				Nerpichya
Vivi	Krasnoyarsk region
Kovdozero	Murmansk region
Keret	Republic of Karelia
Teletskoe	Altai Republic
Seliger					Selizharovka
	Republic of Karelia				Rastas and Häme
Lovozero	Murmansk region
Big Sea Lake (Mainychin-Hankavatan)	Saha Republic				Ankavaam
Kronotskoe	Kamchatka region				Kronotskaya
Janisjärvi	Republic of Karelia				Janisjoki

The deepest lakes in Russia. List (table)

List of the deepest lakes in Russia deeper than 20 m, in descending order of depth:

The deepest lakes in Russia	Depth	Region (s) of Russia	Area, km 2	Height above sea level, m	Flowing river
Baikal		Buryatia, Irkutsk region
Caspian Sea		Dagestan, Kalmykia, Astrakhan region			drainless
Khantayskoe		Krasnoyarsk region			duct to the lake. Small. Khantayskoe
Ring		Sakhalin Region			Drainless, crater
Cerik-Kol		Kabardino-Balkaria			Drainless, karst
Llama		Krasnoyarsk region
Teletskoe		Altai Republic
Kuril		Kamchatka Krai
Ladoga		Republic of Karelia, Leningrad region
Noyon Hol		Republic of Tuva
Oron		Irkutsk region			Connects with r. Vitim duct
Many-Hol		Republic of Tuva
Chum		Krasnoyarsk region
Elgygytgyn					Enmyvaam
Tabashinskoe		Mari El Republic
Kronotskoe		Kamchatka region			Kronotskaya
Bolshoe Shchuchye		Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District
Onega		Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Region, Vologda Region
Nicholas		Transbaikal region
Umbozero		Murmansk region
Malachite		Sakhalin Region			Stream Sewerage
Agulskoe		Irkutsk region
Segozero		Republic of Karelia
Imandra		Murmansk region
Kovdozero		Murmansk region
Topozero		Republic of Karelia
Janisjärvi		Republic of Karelia			Janisjoki
Pyaozero		Republic of Karelia
		Republic of Karelia			Rastas and Häme
Lovozero		Murmansk region
Pyhäjärvi		Republic of Karelia			channel to Lake Saimaa
Taimyr		Krasnoyarsk region
Vygozero		Republic of Karelia			Nizhny Vyg
Syamozero		Republic of Karelia
Seliger		Novgorod region, Tver region			Selizharovka
Small		Krasnoyarsk region			Norilsk
White		Vologodskaya Oblast

Notes:

1. In case of exact coincidence of depths, a lake is indicated above, the area of ​​which is smaller (more compact at the same maximum depth)
2. The table "The deepest lakes in Russia" was compiled by the author of the article from various sources. Special thanks to the site visitors for the additions. Each proposed lake in Russia is checked and added to the list.

Top 10. The largest and largest lakes in Russia. Titles and descriptions.

1. The Caspian Sea-Lake - the first place in the list "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (371,000 km 2).

The main characteristics of the Caspian Sea in numbers. Table.

The name of the largest lake in Russia and the world.	Caspian Sea
Geographical position	On the border of Asia and Europe
Length from north to south	Approximately 1200 km (36 ° 34 "-47 ° 13" N)
	On average 310-320 km (46 ° -56 ° E), maximum - 435 km
	6500-6700 km, with islands - up to 7000 km
Average annual rainfall
Average annual wind speed
Average speed of currents
Square	371,000 km²
Maximum depth
Average depth
Water volume
Catchment area	3,626,000 km²
Salinity
Water level	27.16 m below sea level
	1809, 415 - vertebrates

Description of the Caspian Sea - the largest and largest lake in Russia.

The Caspian Sea is unique in its own way: it has features of both a lake and a sea.

Signs of the Caspian Sea as a lake:

Does not give its runoff to the World Ocean;

Does not connect with the seas of the World Ocean;

Is "closed, natural deepening on land filled with water ", i.e. lake.

Signs of the Caspian Sea as a sea:

Huge size;

Salty water;

Oceanic crust forming southern part its hollows.

The natural resources of the largest lake in Russia and the world have long attracted many peoples here. Cimmerians, Cumans, Scythians, Sarmatians, Arabs, Turks, Persians, Khazars and many other peoples lived here. Ancient trade routes ran along the Caspian Sea. The migration of peoples took place along them, and trade took place.

Each of the peoples named the Caspian in its own way. The ancient Greeks called it the Hyrcanian or Persian Sea, the Assyrians - the Eastern, the Chinese - the Western. Among the Arabs, it was known under the name of the Khorosan or Khozar Sea; the Tatars called it Ak-Dengiz (White Sea). In ancient Russian chronicles, the Caspian Sea was called Khvalynsky or Derbent.

Among the many names, one has survived - the modern one. It comes from the disappeared people - the Caspians (horse breeders) who once lived on its banks.

The Caspian Sea feeds the most long river Europe - Volga. In addition to it, the Urals, Emba, Terek, and Kura bring their waters to the Caspian.

The water level in the Caspian Sea is subject to large and long-term fluctuations. And although this feature was noticed in ancient times, the reasons for this have not been fully clarified. At present, the water level in the Caspian is 27.5 meters below the level of the World Ocean.

2. Lake Baikal - the second place in the list "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (31,500 2).

The main characteristics of Lake Baikal in numbers. Table.

The name of the deepest lake in Russia and the world.	Baikal
Geographical position	Russia, south of Eastern Siberia
Length fromsouthwest to northeast	620 km
Length from west to east	from 24 to 79 km, average width - 48 km
Length of coastline	2100 km
Large peninsulas	The largest peninsula is Svyatoy Nos.
Islands	About 30, the largest is Olkhon
Gulfs	The largest - Barguzinsky (725 km 2), Chivyrkuisky (270 km 2), Proval (197 km 2), Posolsky (35 km 2), Cherkalov (20 km 2), Mukhor (16 km 2)
Flowing rivers	The largest are Selenga, Verkhnyaya Angara, Barguzin, Turka, Snezhnaya, Kichera, Tyya, Goloustnaya, Buguldeika
Water surface area	31500 km²
Maximum depth
Average depth
Water volume	23 615.39 km³
Catchment area	588 thousand km 2
Salinity	less than 0.1 ‰
The height of the water level of Lake Baikal
The bottom of Baikal	1181 m below sea level
Coastal cities	Slyudyanka, Baikalsk, Severobaikalsk, Babushkin
Number of species of animal world	1550 species
The number of plant species	1085 species

Description of Baikal - the deepest lake in Russia.

Lake Baikal- one of the most amazing natural sites on our planet. It is the deepest, the largest in terms of volume of fresh water, and the most unique in terms of the uniqueness of the organic world. There is no other such large body of water on Earth, so far from the ocean. The basin of the lake has a tectonic origin, as evidenced by its elongated shape.

Huge body of water long time keeps warm and does not freeze for a long time. In December, and sometimes in January, individual ice floes still roam the surface of the reservoir. The lake opens up in mid-May. The thickness of the ice by this time reaches one meter.

In summer, one of the largest and largest lakes in Russia and the world - Baikal is harsh and angry. Winds and storms cause a lot of trouble for ship captains and fishermen. Each of the winds has its own name: Barguzin, Kultuk, Gloss, Sarma, Siver, Shelonnik, etc. By the number of stormy days, Baikal surpasses the Black Sea. The height of the waves during a storm can reach 4 meters.

There are legends about Baikal water. Nowhere in the world is there such soft, chemically pure, oxygen-rich and healthy water. The following fact is interesting: the water in Baikal is more fresh than the water of the rivers and rivulets flowing into it. Each liter contains less than 0.1 g of dissolved minerals - calcium, magnesium, silicon.

Due to the small amount of impurities, the water in Lake Baikal is the most transparent in the world. The white disc used to determine the transparency of water is visible to a depth of 40-45 meters. For comparison, let us note that in Lake Ladoga it disappears from the field of view when submerged to 10 meters, in Sevan - by 20 meters, in the Caspian Sea - by 25 meters.

In terms of the diversity of the organic world, the deepest lake in Russia and the world - Baikal can compete with tropical seas. More than 2.5 thousand species of animals and plants live in Lake Baikal. Moreover, about 2/3 of them are found nowhere else.

The unique organic world contributes to the preservation of the purity of Baikal waters. Tiny crustaceans Epishura filter water through the mesh of their antennae and catch organisms that cause water “bloom”. Diatoms extract silicon from the water and build their graceful shells from it. Scientists estimate that algae take 400-500 thousand tons of silicon annually.

3. Lake Ladoga - the third place in the list "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (17 703 km 2).

The main characteristics of Lake Ladoga in numbers. Table.

The name of the largest fresh lake Europe.	Ladoga
Geographical position	Russia, Leningrad region, Republic of Karelia
Length fromsouth to north	219 km
Length from west to east	Maximum width - 125 km
Length of coastline	1570 km
Islands of the third largest lake in Russia	660, Riekkalansari (55.3 km²), Mantsinsaari (39.4 km²), Kilpola (32.1 km²), Tulolansari (30.3 km²) and Valaam (27.8 km²)
Gulfs	In the southern part - Svirskaya, Volkhovskaya and Shlisselburgskaya lips
Flowing rivers	About 35 rivers. The largest are Svir, Volkhov, Vuoksa, Syas, Naziya
Flowing river
Water surface area
Maximum depth
Average depth
Water volume	838 km³
Catchment area	258 600 km 2
Salinity
Transparency
Height above sea level
Wave height during storms	Up to 6 meters
Coastal cities	Priozersk, Novaya Ladoga, Shlisselburg in the Leningrad Region, Sortavala, Pitkyaranta, Lakhdenpohja in the Republic of Karelia
The number of species of fauna in the third of the largest and largest lakes in Russia	256 species of birds, 53 species and varieties of fish, 378 species and varieties of planktonic animals, 385 species of invertebrates, worms (66 species), water mites, or hydrocarines, molluscs, crustaceans and others
The number of plant species	120 species of higher aquatic plants, 154 species of diatoms, 126 species of green and 76 species of blue-green algae

Description of Lake Ladoga in Russia - the third of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location.

Lake Ladoga is located in the northwest of the European part of Russia. Belongs to the Baltic Sea basin Atlantic Ocean.

Origin.

Once upon a time, about 9 thousand years ago, Ladoga was part of the sea. Then, with the appearance of the Karelian Isthmus, the lake separated and began to live its own life.

Ladoga is the largest lake in Europe. Its area is about 18,000 sq. km. The shores are mostly gentle and low, only in the north a lot of narrow and long bays, formed as a result of glacier processing, jut into the coast.

According to the terms of navigation, Ladoga is equated to the seas. Here ships of class "M" go, i.e. marine.

Ladoga area is divided into four parts:
Northern Ladoga area - southern Karelia;
Eastern Ladoga area - Olonets region of Karelia;
Southern Ladoga area - Kirovsky and Volkhovsky districts of the Leningrad region;
Western Ladoga area - Karelian Isthmus.

Islands.

Lake Ladoga has a lot of islands; the third largest and largest lake in Russia has about 660 of them. Most of of the islands lies in the northern part. The most significant of them are Riekkalansari, Mantsinsari, Kilpola, and Valaam. The island of Valaam is known for being located on it Valaam monastery, which was in the past one of the Russian fortresses.

Winter freeze-up.

With the onset of winter, Lake Ladoga begins to freeze gradually. Frequent storms break open the fragile ice, as a result of which the surface of the reservoir begins to appear as chaos from broken ice and supercooled water. As a result, the ice of the largest lake in the European part of Russia is uneven, hilly, with hummocks. The height of the latter can reach the height of a 5-storey building! The reservoir is released from the ice cover at the beginning of May.

Historical facts.

Since ancient times, people have lived along the banks of Ladoga, but they began to develop it relatively recently. The northern beauty of Russia is famous for its storms, violent disposition, strong winds and only the bravest warriors could go on a journey along its waves. Such were the Scandinavians - the first sailors of a large lake in Russia.

Later along south coast a path was paved "from the Varangians to the Greeks."

On the geographical maps with the light hand of the German scientist Sebastian Munster, Ladoga began to be celebrated in 1544.

However, a thorough study of the shores of the Ladoga area was undertaken only in 1858-1866. captain A.P. Andreev. For this expedition, the officer was awarded gold and silver medals of the Russian Geographical Society.

4. Lake Onega - the fourth place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (9 616 km 2).

The main characteristics of Lake Onega in numbers. Table.

The name of the fourth largest and largest lakes in Russia	Onega
Geographical position	Russia, Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Region, Vologda Region
Length fromsouth to north	245 km
Length from west to east	Maximum width - 91.6 km
Length of coastline	1542 km
Large peninsulas	The largest peninsula is Zaonezhie.
Islands of the large and large lake of Russia	Around 1650, the most famous is Kizhi, the largest is Bolshoi Klimenetsky
Gulfs
Flowing rivers	About 50. The largest are Vytegra, Suna, Andoma, Vodla, Shuya
Flowing rivers	Only one - Svir
Water surface area	9 720 km²
Maximum depth
Average depth
Water volume	285 km³
Catchment area	62 800 km 2
Mineralization
Transparency
Height above sea level
Wave height during storms
Coastal cities	Petrozavodsk, Kondopoga and Medvezhyegorsk

Description of Lake Onega - the fourth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location.

Lake Onega - the fourth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia - is located on the territory of the Republic of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions. Belongs to the Baltic Sea and Atlantic Ocean basin. About 80% of the lake's area is located in the Republic of Karelia, 20% - in the Leningrad and Vologda regions.

Geographic characteristics.

In terms of area, Lake Onega is the second largest and largest freshwater lakes in Europe after Ladoga.

Despite the fact that the area of ​​Lake Onega is almost twice less area Ladoga, it is 50 km longer than the last one.

The shape of the lake is very bizarre: it resembles a kind of mythical creature with several tentacles, resembling either a trunk or a claw.

Etymology.

One of the interpretations of the name of the reservoir claims that the word "onego" in the Old Finnish language means "smoking lake". This name appeared from the frequent fogs spreading over the water.

Origin.

Both Ladoga and Onega lakes are related not only by the fact that they are the largest and largest in Europe and are located close to each other. The main thing is that they appeared almost simultaneously, after the retreat of the last glaciers. Large tectonic depressions occupied by lake depressions existed in pre-glacial times. The advancing glaciers plowed out the bottoms of the lake basins, making them smoother, and worked on the coastal rocks. Thus, according to the method of origin of the basins, these reservoirs are classified as glacial-tectonic.

Islands.

Within the fourth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia - Lake Onega, there are more than one and a half thousand islands. The shores of most of them are indented by bays and coves, and they themselves are covered with dense forests. The largest of them are Klimetskiy and Suisari. The most famous - Kizhi - is a nature reserve, famous for its wooden monuments of folk architecture.

Flowing rivers.

Numerous rivers fill the large lake of Russia with water. Among them are Shuya, Suna, Andoma, Vytegra. The water level depends on how much water the rivers bring. In spring, when the snow melts, the tributaries become abundant and intensively feed the lake. Its level is rising. By the middle of summer, the water level gradually decreases.

5. Lake Taimyr - the fifth place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (4,560 km 2).

The main characteristics of the lake. Taimyr in numbers. Table.

	Taimyr
Geographical position	Russia, Krasnoyarsk Territory
Length	250 km
Length from west to east	Maximum width - km
Length of coastline
Large peninsulas	The largest peninsula is.
Islands	About, the most famous -, the biggest -
Gulfs	Baykuraneru, Yukayama bays, Ledyanaya bay
Flowing rivers	The largest are Upper Taimyr, Western, Northern, Bikada-Nguoma, Baikura
Flowing river	Lower Taimyr
Water surface area	4560 km²
Maximum depth
Average depth
Water volume	12.8 km³
Catchment area	104 300 km 2
Height above sea level
Average annual air temperature in the area
average temperature the warmest month of July

Description of Lake Taimyr - the fifth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location.

Lake Taimyr is located far beyond the Arctic Circle and is the largest and largest northern lake in Russia and the world. It is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory on the Taimyr Peninsula at the foot of the Byrranga Mountains.

Description of the coastline.

The shores of the largest and largest north lake Russia is very different from each other: if in the north the shores are heavily indented, represented by rocks up to 100 meters high, then in the south the shores are gentle, sandy and pebble.

The cliffs of the northern coast are subject to constant destruction due to the severe frosts inherent in these parts. During the short summer, the snow melts in the hollows of the rocks and seeps into small cracks. In winter, the water freezes and the ice tears apart seemingly inaccessible rocks. As a result of such long-term work of water and frost, large blocks come off the rocks of the northern lake of Russia and fall into the water.

The depth and structural features of the bottom.

The bottom of the lake. Taimyr is mostly flat, only in some places there are rather deep depressions. The average depth of the largest and largest northern lake in Russia and the world is small - 2.8 meters.

Type of food.

The feeding of Lake Taimyr is mixed: snow and rain. Melted water is brought in by flowing rivers.

Climate.

As befits the northernmost lake in Russia and the world, the climate here is harsh. Lake water in the warmest season, in August, has an average temperature of 7 ° C, in winter the water temperature is great depths about 1 ° C. In the winter season, the water freezes in many places to the very bottom, the freeze-up lasts from September to June.

Origin.

The Upper Taimyr River flows into Lake Taimyr, and the Lower Taimyr River flows out. But if you look at it, the whole chain of Upper Taimyr - Lake Taimyr - Lower Taimyr is one river. It's just that the river, having met a large pit on its way, spread out and occupied its entire area.

Then the ice sheet that covered the Byrranga mountains melted and a crack opened across the mountains. Along this crack, the waters of the lake, having formed the Lower Taimyr River, rushed into the Kara Sea.

But in ancient times, when the ocean level was higher than at present, there was a sea on the site of the largest and largest northern lake in Russia. This is evidenced by numerous, inherent only sea ​​water, species of flora and fauna found in the lake.

6. Lake Khanka is the sixth place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (4,190 km 2).

The main characteristics of the lake. Hanka. Table.

The name of the sixth largest and largest lakes in Russia	Hanka
Geographical position	Russia (Primorsky Territory), China (Heilongjiang)
Length
Width
Length of coastline	308 km
Flowing rivers	24 rivers. The largest are Lefu, Mo, Sintukha, Silistaya, Komissarovka, Spasovka, Melgunovka
Flowing river	Sungacha (tributary of the Ussuri (Amur basin))
Water surface area	4070 km²
Maximum depth
Average depth
Water volume	18.3 km³
Catchment area	16 980 km 2
Height above sea level	68-70 m
Coastal villages	Turiy Rog, Platono-Aleksandrovskoe, Novokachalinsk and Kamen-Rybolov

Description of the lake Khanka - the largest and largest lake in the Far East in Russia.

Location.

Khanka is the largest and largest lake in the Far East in Russia. It is located on the border of the Primorsky Territory of Russia and the Heilongjiang Province of China on the Khanka Lowland at an altitude of 68 meters above sea level. Northern part the reservoir belongs to the territory of China. Near the lake. Khanka is a lake. Malaya Khanka, separated by alluvial deposits.

Form.

The lake is shaped like a pear, with its wide part facing north.

Surface area.

The area of ​​the lake's water surface depends on climatic conditions... In wet years, the water level rises, and the surface area increases to five thousand square meters. km. In dry years, it is reduced to 4 thousand square meters. km. The banks are mostly bogs. Unwetlands are found only in the northwest.

Depth.

The sixth largest and largest lake in Russia is shallow. Depths of 1-3 m prevail, the maximum depth is 10.6 m, and the average depth is 4.5 meters.

Inflowing and outflowing rivers.

24 rivers flow into Lake Khanka, but only one flows out - the Sungacha, which connects it with the Ussuri, and that, in turn, with the Amur. On average, the flow to Khanka is 1.94 km 3 per year, of which about 1.85 km 3.

Interesting Facts.

On the largest and largest eastern lake in Russia, an international Russian-Chinese Khanka nature reserve is organized.

7. Chudsko-Pskovskoe lake - the seventh place in the list "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (3,555 km 2).

The main characteristics of Lake Peipsi-Pskov. Table.

The name of the seventh largest and largest lakes in Russia	Chudsko-Pskovskoe
Geographical position	Russia, Estonia
Length	150 km
Width
Length of coastline	520 km
Islands	29 islands. The most famous is Crow Island, the largest are Piirisar, Kolpina, Kamenka
Flowing rivers	Over 30. The largest are Velikaya, Emajõgi.
Flowing rivers
Water surface area	3555 km²
Maximum depth
Average depth
Water volume	25 km³
Catchment area	47.8 thousand km 2
Height above sea level
Coastal cities	The towns of Kallaste and Mustvee are located on the shores; 2 km - the city of Gdov, 10 km - on the river Velikaya - Pskov

Description of Lake Peipsi-Pskov - the seventh of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location. Chudsko-Pskovskoe Lake is located on the border of Russia (north-west of the Pskov region) and Estonia.

Origin.

Lake Peipsi-Pskov is of glacial origin. Retreating, the glacier left behind huge heaps of rubble, stone, sand and other material - moraine. In the depressions of the moraine-hilly relief, water collected and a bizarre reservoir with swampy shores was formed.

Physical characteristics.

Water surface area is 3550 km 2, of which 2100 km 2 of the reservoir belongs to the Pskov region, the rest - to Estonia.

Depth the seventh largest lake in Russia - maximum 15.3 meters, average - 7.1 m.

Form.

Chudsko-Pskovskoe lake consists of three parts:

• Lake Peipsi
• Pskov lake
• Warm lake - a strait connecting the first two parts.

Dimensions.

The seventh largest and largest lakes in Russia are the fourth in Europe (after Ladoga (Russia), Onega (Russia) and Lake Venern (Sweden)). The length of Lake Peipsi-Pskov is 150 km, and its width is 50.

Inflowing and outflowing rivers.

About 30 rivers flow into the lake: Bile, Zadubka, Cherma, Gdovka, Kuna, Torokhovka, Remda, Rovya, Chernaya, Lipenka, Startseva, Borovka, Abizha, Velikaya, Obdyokh, Piusa, Vyhandu, Emajõgi, Koza, Kargaya, Omedu, Tagayygi , Alaiygi. Only one river flows out - the Narva, which flows into the Gulf of Finland.

Islands.

The lake has 29 islands with a total area of ​​25.8 km².

Largest islands:

• Piirisar island (7.39 km²) located in the southern part Lake Peipsi,
• Kolpina Island (area 11 km²) - in the Pskov Lake;
• Kamenka island (area about 6 km²).

The Crow Island is also known.

The towns of Kallaste and Mustvee are located on the coast of Lake Peipsi-Pskov in Russia; 2 km from east coast Lake Peipsi - the city of Gdov, 10 km from the lake on the Velikaya River - Pskov.

Economic value.

In the Pskov-Peipsi Lake, 54 representatives of the coastal aquatic flora are represented. The lake is also rich in commercial fish species: pike perch, vendace, bream, whitefish, pike, burbot and the famous Pskov smelt.

The lake is used for shipping, including passenger traffic.

In the coastal strip of Lake Pskov there is a wetland ornithological reserve "Pskov-Chudskaya lakeside lowland" - this is a valuable reserve of many rare plants and animals in the Baltic region, the most important place for rest and feeding on the White Sea-Baltic flyway for swans, geese and ducks during their flights.

Historical facts.

On the ice of Lake Peipsi on April 5, 1242, the famous battle of the Russian army of the young Prince Alexander Nevsky against the army of the Livonian Order took place.

8. Lake Ubsu-Nur is the eighth place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (3 350 km 2).

The main characteristics of the Ubsu-Nur lake. Table.

The name of the eighth largest and largest lakes in Russia	Ubsu-Nur
Geographical position	Russia, Mongolia
Length
Width
Water surface area	3350 km²
Maximum depth
Average depth
Water volume	35.7 km³
Catchment area	thousand km 2
Salinity
Height above sea level
Coastal cities	Tes-Khem, Nariin-Gol, Khurmasyn-Gol, Kharkhira-Gol, Borsho-Gol, Targalyg

Description of Lake Ubsu-Nur - the eighth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location.

Oz. Ubsu-Nur is located on the border of Russia (Republic of Tyva) and Mongolia at an altitude of 753 meters above sea level. The main part of the lake belongs to Mongolia, while Russia only 12 sq. km of water surface and 10 km of coastline. In the Russian section, three rivers flow into the lake: Irbitei, Kholu and Oruku-Shina. Many other rivers flowing into the reservoir in Mongolia also originate in Russia.

Origin.

During the ice age on the site of the lake. Ubsu-Nur splashed a huge body of water with an area of ​​16 thousand km². But the climate was gradually changing, the lake was shrinking, and now its area has decreased to 3000 square meters. km.

Characteristics of the coast.

The coast of a large and large lake in Russia is characterized by swampy terrain on both sides. Here, numerous rivers flowing from the mountains pour into the lake. The main tributary is the Tes-Khem River. In other places, mountain ranges and sandy massifs rise to the water itself.

The degree of mineralization.

Lake Ubsu-Nur is salty with water that tastes like sea water. The farther from the mouths of the flowing rivers, the higher the salt concentration increases. The average salinity of lake water is 18.5 - 19.7 g / l.

Climate type and temperature regime.

The freeze-up period lasts from October to May. In summer, the water warms up to 25 ° C. Annual fluctuations in air temperature can range from -58 ° C in winter to 47 ° C in summer. The basin of the lake of Russia Ubsu-Nur is a unique natural laboratory, in which several natural zones are represented at once. The Ubsunur International Center for Biosphere Research has been operating here for several years.

Economic value.

The fauna of the lake basin is very rich - in the vicinity of one of the largest lakes in Russia, there are 173 species of birds and 41 species of mammals, 29 different species of fish.

Coastal settlements.

The largest settlement in the vicinity of the lake. Ubsu-Nur - the administrative center of the Ubsunur aimag - the city of Ulaangom (27 km south-west from the coast).

Historical facts.

In the vicinity of the eighth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia, people began to settle several thousand years ago. This is evidenced by many archaeological finds- burial mounds, deer stones, petroglyphs, runic inscriptions, etc. The artifacts found belong to the cultures of ancient nomads - Huns, Mongols, Yenisei Kyrgyz.

In 2003, the eighth of the largest lakes in Russia was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

9. Lake Chany is the ninth place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (2000 km 2). The largest and largest lake in Western Siberia.

The main characteristics of Lake Chany. Table.

The name of the ninth largest and largest lakes in Russia	Vats
Geographical position	Russia, Novosibirsk region
Length
Width	Maximum width - 88 km
Large peninsulas	The largest peninsulas are. Zelenchak, Kondakov, Golinky, Vaskin, Mys, Drovnikov, Rodyushkin, Kvashnino, Malinikha, Dark, Tyumensky.
Islands	About 70, the largest are Amelkina Griva, Shuldikov, Lezhan, Bear, Cap, Chinyaikha, Bird cherry, Rare
Flowing rivers	Kargat, Chulym
Flowing rivers	drainless
Water surface area	1400-2000 km²
Maximum depth
Average depth
Mineralization type	Salty, up to 6 g / dm 3
Height above sea level

Description of Lake Chany - the ninth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location.

Oz. Chany, located in the Baraba lowland, is the largest lake Western Siberia... It is located on the territory of five districts of the Novosibirsk region: Zdvinsky, Barabinsky, Chanovsky, Kupinsky and Chistoozerny.

Origin.

The emergence of Lake Russia Chany is attributed to the end of the Ice Age, about 10 - 13 thousand years ago.

Physical characteristics.

Chany is 91 km long and 88 km wide. The water surface area is not constant and currently, according to various estimates, ranges from 1400 to 2000 km².

The average depth is about 2 meters. The lake basin is flat. Vats are shallow, depths up to 2 meters make up 60% of the total area. The banks are rather low and heavily indented, overgrown with reeds, reeds, sedges and bushes. The bottom is sandy and silty.

Form.

The lake is a system of lakes connected by channels and shallow areas, of which the largest are three: Chinyakhinsky, Tagano-Kazantsevsky and Yarkovsky, differing in water salinity, area, depths, soils, food resources.

Inflowing and outflowing rivers.

Vats - salty closed lake Russia. Flowing rivers - Kargat, Chulym.

Islands of Lake Chany.

There are about 70 islands on the lake, the largest are Amelkina Griva, Shuldikov, Lezhan, Bear, Kolpachok, Chinyaikha, Cheryomukhovy, Rare. The islands Cheryomushkin, Kobyliy, Perekopny, Bekarev, Kalinova, Chinyakha, Shipyagin, Krugly, Kolotov, Kamyshny are natural monuments region, since they have preserved unique landscapes that are the habitat of rare species of plants and animals.

Coastal settlements.

Currently, there are 12 villages on the shores of the largest lake in Western Siberia. Neither of settlements on the shore of the lake. Chany does not have the status of a city or an urban-type settlement.

Economic value.

The reservoir is of great importance for fishing. The adjacent lands are used for haymaking and grazing. The water from the lake is used for technical needs. There is local shipping on the lake. In 1994, the Russian lake Chany was included in the list of wetlands of world importance.

Climate.

Most of the lake is located in the forest-steppe natural area.
Freezes in the second half of October - the first half of November, opens in May. The maximum recorded water temperature in summer is 28.3 ° C. The climate in the area of ​​the lake. Vats are continental. The average temperature in January is -19.7 ° C, in July - +18.3 ° C. The frost-free period lasts from 115 to 120 days. The average annual rainfall is 380 mm. The height of the snow cover is 20-30 cm.

Legends.

There is a legend that a huge snake lives in this lake, which devours people and livestock.

10. Beloe Lake is the tenth place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (1,290 km 2).

The main characteristics of the White Lake. Table.

The name of the fifth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia	White
Geographical position	Russia, Vologda region
Length
Width
Flowing rivers
Water surface area	1284 km²
Maximum depth
Average depth
Water volume	5.2 km³
Catchment area	14 thousand km 2
Mineralization type
Height above sea level

Description of the White Lake - the tenth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location.

Beloe Lake is located in the west of the Vologda region of Russia, between Lake Onega and Rybinsk reservoir, approximately halfway between them.
Origin.

Beloe Lake has a tectonic origin, formed as a result of low-amplitude uplifts and subsidence of the earth's crust.

Physical characteristics.

Due to the low shores of the tenth largest and largest lakes in Russia, the area of ​​the reservoir and the coastline can fluctuate throughout the year. It is very shallow near the coast, in some places the depth does not exceed 1 meter per kilometer. Coastal plants are well developed. The shores are gentle and practically do not have bays and bays, the soils are silty-sandy, and there are few rocky ridges.
Form.

The White Lake has a rounded shape.

Inflowing and outflowing rivers.

About 60 rivers and streams flow into Beloe Lake. The largest tributaries: Kovzha (navigable), Kema, Megra. Only one river flows out - Sheksna, which flows into the Volga.

Climate.

The climate of Belozerie develops under the influence of air masses of various origins - marine, formed over the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic seas, and continental. The geographical position of the lake contributes to the development of an increased wind speed. The number of stormy days during the navigation period can reach 100, and 170 per year.

The maximum air temperature can in exceptional cases reach 38 ° C, and the minimum - 50 ° C.

There is quite a lot of precipitation - the average annual amount is 650 millimeters. The number of rainy days is sometimes 200 per year.

Economic value.

Beloe Lake is located at the intersection of the most important waterways of Russia. Once upon a time, the ancient Vytegorsko-Belozersky waterway passed here. Since 1964, the White Lake of Russia has been part of the Sheksna reservoir, which is part of the Volga-Baltic waterway. The reservoir is also used for water supply to settlements located on its banks.