In the stone circle of the ancient cemetery, in the pulsating ancient magic and the power of the cult of old, forgotten and eternal gods, Stenolaz raised his hands and a bloody knife. And shouted. Fucking. Diko. Inhuman.
Everything around froze in horror.
Angey Sapkovsky "Lady Warriors"
Among the windy wastelands, above the heather, under the low hectic sky - hieroglyphs on gray stone. Exterior time, lost, alien to our world, abandoned from another, unknown reality, separated by the abyss of centuries. Bearing the seal of eternity fragments of forgotten eras, who survived not one generation of legends, in which there is no bit of truth. But still performed strange strength and invincible greatness. Causing trepid even now. Megalithi.
Megaliths ("big stones") are usually referred to as prehistoric structures from huge stone blocks connected without the use of the solution. But this definition is very inaccurate. A significant part of the archaeological monuments attributable to Megaliths, in a strict sense, are not structures in general, since they consist of a single monolith or several plates not connected to each other.
In addition, stones megalithic buildings Not always great. Finally, the Megaliths often include some buildings already built in historical time, but either using cyclopeous blocks (Jupiter's Temple in Baalbek), or without the use of the solution (Machu Picchu in Peru, XVI century).
What then unites megaliths? Perhaps monumentality and halo are mystery. Megalith - the creation of the past, often the nameless people. This is a message from the unimaginably distant "long-gendar" past. Monument to the unknown builder.
Eternal stones
Alien, surrealistic, contrary to all the well-known principles of architecture, the appearance of megaliths focuses the vast "modern mythology", full of Atlantov, hyperborers and other representatives of the highly developed civilizations in the summer. But there is a minimum of two reasons not to take such speculation seriously. Firstly, the intelligible explanation for the appearance of megaliths they still do not give. Secondly, the actual secrets of stories are more interesting.
To the simplest megaliths, thereby can't even be considered structures include the sacred stones of Seyda and Mengir - vertically stuck in the ground obliged, roughly processed blocks, sloped from the rock. A little later, they are replaced by orthostats, characterized by a flat form and the presence of at least one thoroughly smoothed face, on which magic signs are drawn or carved.
Single mengirs and seids, as a rule, served as the objects of worship. Near the largest 7.6 meters altitude, decorated with fame trails of a dinosaur, sacrifices were sacrificed near the largest in England. On the plains, glacial boulders have always attracted attention and, quite likely, could be considered a house of the spirit or a weapon of a first-end. Mengira kneads usually served as leaders' tombstones. In any case, it was for this purpose that the last of them under the camera was established at the beginning of the last century in Indonesia. The largest cluster of 3000 orthostats - carnak stones in Brittany - a prehistoric cemetery.
In some cases, menigra was placed by a group, forming a designating boundaries of a cult place - a circle of crumb. Often in the center of the decorative fence, the platform laid out, on which the bodies of the dead were burned or sacrificed animals and prisoners. Here, ceremonies, meetings, festivities and other public events could also be held. Cults changed. Cromlets are more durable religions.
The use of megalithic structures as observatories is not excluded. To accurately determine the position of the Moon and the Sun (by shadow), unshakable landmarks were required. Mengir placed in a circle performed this role. It should be noted that the observatories had a similar device in the Middle Ages.
Already in ancient times, people sought to variety and were not afraid of experiments. An epochable step forward, a real breakthrough in the stone architecture of Taula - structures from a large stone, omilized to small. Then the trilites appeared - the arches out of three stones - the Beauty and the pride of Stonehenge. The stability and durability of these structures brought primitive builders to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe construction of dolmen - the first stone buildings in the history of mankind.
With dolmen, as well as, with the rest of the simplest megaliths, a lot of riddles are connected. For example, they never manage to associate with some defined archaeological culture - that is, with the ancient people whose migrations are monitored by scientists in characteristic ceramics, tips and other finds. The stone does not give the age of the construction, nothing reports about the creators. Determine the date of the appearance of the Dalmon, as a rule, one can only with an accuracy of several centuries. And for such a time, the population of the country has changed more than once. The artifacts, found in the construction and around it, do not talk about anything, as it is known that Megaliths, moving from hand to hand, remained "in operation" for thousands of years.
It may be pretty puzzled by the fact that similar, almost identical megaliths are scattered along a huge area - from the Caucasus to Portugal and from the Orcania islands to Senegal. In this regard, even the version of a certain "Dolmen culture" was put forward, representatives of which once inhabited all these territories. But the hypothesis was not confirmed. Traces of such people found was not found. Moreover, it was found that the age of two of the same, located nearby dolmen can vary for a couple of thousand years.
Actually the similarity of dolmen different countries It is explained by the fact that the idea lying on the surface naturally occurred to many people. Any child could make a "house", putting four flat stone on the edge and putting the fifth on them. Either cover the hole in the stone with a flat block (trough for a degrees). Having admired by his creation, the young architect grew, became the leader and raised the fellowship for the construction of the construction already in full size.
One can say one thing: the appearance of the first megalithites is associated with the transition of the population to a tremendous lifestyle. Stretched hunters had no desire to turn the boulders met during migrations. Yes, and groups of people were too small for exercising large-scale work. At the first farmers the opportunity to do capital construction appeared. There was only experience. And nothing better than inserting two stones to the ground and hoisting them on them, they did not occur for a long time.
Apparently, Dolmen were crypts. Some of them found the remains of hundreds of people. Extlive bones formed a layer behind the layer, and new graves digged directly in the resulting mass. Other dolmen are completely empty. Probably, over the past millennium, someone took the trouble to clean them.
| Path in Maze. | |
| The special category of megaliths is flat cairny - laid out of small stones of the line or drawings. It includes numerous "stone rooks" - the burial of the Vikings, made in the form of the ship's contour designated by the boulders, and the unique "Stone Eagle" - a bird image with the open wings created by an unknown tribe of North American Indians. But the most famous flat Cairina - "labyrinths", found in Scandinavia, Finland, England, in the north of Russia and even on the new land. Rows of stones form a confusing, whipped spiral a trail. This is the least noticeable and, at the same time, extremely spectacular megaliths. For a labyrinth is a powerful symbol that is gossiping reality. The path to the country of spirits is tortuous. Who left these stone seals, unsolved signs on the northern, poor earth? Like most megaliths, the labyrinths are anonymous. Sometimes they are associated with tribes of protozamas, but the Saama themselves know nothing about the spirals. In addition, labyrinths are common outside the boundaries of the resettlement of the ancestors of this people. A separate opinion on this issue at the Nenets, considering the flat Cairnas of the hands of Sirta - the lowest centerast people of Kuznetsov, which has long passed under the ground. |
But sooner or later the construction of ordinary stone boxes stopped bringing satisfaction. Dolmen is fairly effectable to glorify a separate clan, but is not enough to become proud and the cult center of a whole breeding union. People already wanted more. At least just in size.
Separate dolmen began to line up in a long corridor, often with side branches. Sometimes two connected by the transitions of the corridor were built. Natural plates were difficult to pick up in the form, and for the construction of "walls" began to apply masonry, as in composite dolmens, or one-piece polished blocks, as in tile.
But in this case, the structure did not seem sufficiently majestic. Therefore, on top of "multi-sieves" dolmen, a colossal Cairn was poured - an artificial structure in the form of piles of stones. In order for the pyramid not to settle, on the perimeter she "pinned" the ring of orthostates. If the belt was not one, it turned out something like a zigkurat. Neolithic giantovania can be judged on the scale of the Bach by the fact that such structures that have long mastered the view of the Hills, in the new time the decades have been operated as a quarry before the workers detected internal chambers.
The most impressive neolithic monuments are referred to as "corridor tombs" or "megalithic temples". But the same structure could combine the function or change them over time. In any case, the mounds were poorly suitable for rituals. Inside was too close. Therefore, Cairny continued to coexist with crumbs until people have learned to build real temples, under whos of not only priests could fit, but also believers.
Era Megalithov, which began in prehistoric times, does not have clear boundaries. She did not end, but only as construction technologies were improved, gradually went to no. Even at a relatively late era, when the methods of building the arch became known, and the buildings were built from Texa stone and bricks, the demand for gigantic blocks did not disappear. They were continued, but rather as a decorative element. And even knowing how to fasten the stones with a solution, the architects did not always find it necessary to do it. After all, ground stones fitted to each other, equipped with protrusions and grooves, looked better. Finally, even the untreated boulder sometimes turned out to be placed. Valun, which serves as the basis for the equestrian statue of Peter I in St. Petersburg, is typical megalith.
| Towers of Titanov | |
| Scottish barks and Mediterranean Nuragi - Megalites are relatively late, already related to the century of bronze. They represent towers, isolated from small raw stones without the use of the solution. And the fact that many of these structures, fastened only by weight of the material, are still worthwhile, causes great respect for the builders. The creation of borchs is attributed to pictams, and nuragov - shardenam. But both versions are not indisputable. In addition, only names given to them by foreign chroniclers remained from these peoples themselves. The origin and customs of the Pictites and Chains are unknown. And this is even more difficult to solve the appointment of numerous (only on one Sardinia more than 30,000 nuragov), but non-functional structures were built. Brooches resemble strengthening, but hardly used for defense, because they did not have boysnitis and could not accommodate a sufficient number of defenders. They did not bred fire, did not live, did not harbor the dead and did not store the supplies. The items found in the towers belong almost exclusively by the Celts, centuries later to populate Scotland and trying to come up with towers some application. However, they succeeded not more archaeologists. |
Secrets of big stone
The question remains "how." How without severe equipment, people delivered huge stones, how did they raise them, how were sheed? It is these riddles that inspire the authors of alternative hypotheses. Based on which, however, lies a banal lack of imagination. An unprepared person is difficult to imagine how barbarians with stone guns are covered with a giant block and manually set it into place. It is not known to present how it is not known why the unknown way is done by an unknown to be atlanta, forces anyone.
But alternative arguments contain a fundamental error. Having lifting cranes and diamond saws, we do not use huge stone monoliths. It is irrational. More convenient materials are now available. Megaliths were constructed by people, simply not able to build another otherwise.
The stone is really hard to handle with another stone or copper. Therefore, only a century of iron began to build from relatively compact trees "bricks". After all, the smaller the block, the greater its relative surface. So the Egyptians did not want to complicate their jobs at all, using one and a half and two-tonal boulders to build a pyramid, which, of course, was not easy to transport and raise. On the contrary, they facilitated it as far as possible. After all, with a decrease in blocks, the cost of their manufacture would have increased dramatically, the transportation costs would be reduced slightly.
We would have to transfer the previous weight. The creators of Megaliths also reasoned.
Estimation of the complexity of the task "on the eye" often leads to errors. It seems that the work of Stonehenge builders was huge, but, obviously, the cost of building the smallest of Egyptian and Mesoia American pyramids was incomparably higher. In turn, at all the pyramids of Egypt, combined, passed four times less labor than one channel - a 700-kilometer "dubler" of the Nile. This is really a large-scale project! The Pyramids of the Egyptians were erected in their free time. For the soul.
Was it difficult to cut and polish a 20-ton plate? Yes. But each peasant or hunter in the Stone Age for his life between the case, in the evenings, making the necessary tools, brought to almost the mirror glitter about 40 square meters of stone, if possible, choosing the highest of rocks: processing with pumping and grinding about wet sand is not only diamond. .
Differ is the delivery of huge stones not only without equipment, but also without horses, even without a wheel. Meanwhile, under Peter I, the frigates were so fermented along the route of the future White Coon. The peasants and the soldiers pulled ships on wooden rails, laying the wooden rollers. And the cargo more than once had to be inserted into multi-meter clouds. In such cases, it was necessary to build a lot, and sometimes use counterweight in the form of centes with stones. But, giving the order, the king probably thought for a short time, since it was about the operation quite ordinary. Spaniards also seemed faster and safer to drag galleons from Caribbean In the Pacific Ocean through Panama, experiencing than to distinguish them around Cape Mountain.
Valuable information made a study of Maltese megalithic templesOne of which was suddenly abandoned in the construction process. Everything that workers were usually taken with themselves - stone rollers and salazzas - left in place. Even the drawings that took the form of a miniature layout of the structure were preserved (this is exactly the model, and not on paper, they built until the XVIII century). In addition, Malta, and later in other rich megalithic regions, "stone rails" were discovered - parallel grooves left by repeatedly rolling round stones under heavy sludge.
| Hobby Nora |
| Skara-Bray megalithic structures are unique in the first place that they are residential. Usually the people of Neolithic built from the eternal stone of the house only for the dead. But Scotland at that time was the northern outpost of agriculture. So surprisingly low, fewer pygmen, the people who decide to settle on this harsh land, had to be pushed to conscience. The lack of wood has also affected. "Hobbits" could only calculate on a brother, brought by marine waves. Other interesting feature Data of megalithov - in their laying a little of what the epithet "Mega" would deserve. Stones, most, small. At home, it was clearly built by the forces of a single family, which is not able to deliver to the place and hoisting to the construction of a monolithic slab of the balm. The roofs of the "Hobbits" were built of wood and jam. But in each room there were several megaliths in miniature - stone stools and a shelf. |
But still - wasn't it great? So if it was already necessary to complicate their already difficult barbarians with delivery and 50-ton blocks of Stonehenge? And not the benefits for the sake, but for beauty, for glory. Understanding that the arches of the cult center can be made of wood.
Residents of Neolithic England thought not too much. In the same way, the Romans were also believed, using recordable, inconceivable 800-ton blocks in Baalbek, although they could well do and ordinary. Inquins agrees with them, cutting off the stony puzzles from the stone to collect Machu Picchu walls of them. Megalithic buildings are striking imagination even now. They hit him and then. Much more stronger. By their work, builders glorified the deity, and a little - themselves. And considering that the goals they have achieved, - although their names are forgotten, fame, having survived the birth and end of many civilizations, rattling through the millennium, - is it possible to say that work was too big?
On the contrary, it was a very economical solution.
| What to play? |
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About prehistoric humanity is considered condescending. In fact: what advances could have people, barely survived in conditions wildlife And little differed from animals. However, numerous types of megalithic architecture prove: even with limited technical capabilities, our ancestors could create monumental structures.
The construction of buildings from huge stones in itself causes respect. At the same time, there were a variety of types of megalithites, some of whom seem simplest, and many are affected by their complexity.
Some types of megalithic architecture:
- the easiest view of Megaliths are Mengira - single vertically installed massive stones. The peculiarity of Mengirov are traces of their processing and the fact that their height explicitly exceeds their horizontal dimensions. It is thus distinguished by mengirs from natural boulders who are not related to human activity. Mengirs can be separately standing monuments, I. part of more complex megalithic structures;
- due to the popularity of Stonehenge, one of the most recognizable "on the eye" types of megaliths is crude. The sign of Cromlekh is the presence of one or more circles consisting of separate stones (mengirins), or from dolmen or other megaliths. The composite and semantic center of Cromleha is usually marked by a special megalite. The most likely function of Cromlekh scientists consider the role of the religious sanctuary, the place of magging rituals and worship the spirits of ancestors or deities. Also distributed a version that croms were primitive Observatory For observations of the movement of heavenly bodies. For example, many cricks have an explicit architectural binding to the date of seasonal solstice;
- recently, active disputes on the question are going to have a unique prehistoric facilities of Northern Europe (North of Britain, Scandinavia, Russian North, Islands to the megalitic architecture White Sea And so on), conventionally indicated as labyrinths. These are truly labyrinths, almost always spherical shape, laid out in several circumference with stones of various sizes and mass. In essence, these labyrinths are stone spirals that have a clearly religious destination. The specific nature of these labyrinths that most researchers are still inclined to be counted for megaliths. The main version states that the labyrinths carried out a key role in the commission of shamanic rituals on the transition of the soul of a deceased person in the afterlife.
For Neolithic, Eneolita and early Bronze Ages, Megalithic facilities are characterized in Europe (from the Greek words "Mega" - a large and "Litos" - stone). This is a giant, especially at the time, structures of various shapes: Dolmen (tombs with stone pillars and overlaps), mengirins (separate vertically furnished stones), crumb (circular mengir), stone boxes and galleries. Ancient people built them from one or many unprocessed blocks, and sometimes rudely treated stone. For the most part, these buildings served for burials or were associated with burial cults. But some of them, according to scientists, were a kind of astronomical observatories. It is clear that Megaliths were built collectively - whole childbirth tribes, because their construction demanded tremendous costs and muscular strength. Megaliths got widespread in western Europe. Available maps indicate that the main band of their location is extended along the coast of the Atlantic, its seas and the bays - from Portugal and Spain, through France. Ireland and South England to Denmark and south Sweden. Thousands of megalithic buildings were found on this territory: in France, they are about 5,000, on British islands - About 2000, in Denmark - about 3000. These are mostly the burial grounds. Cyclopeous structures, naturally, significantly less. In the list of objects world Heritage Two megaliths are represented related to the number of the most unique. These are archaeological monuments in the Valley of the War River, as well as Stonkhenge (Stonehenge) and Avebi. Speaking about the wonders of primitive culture, it is impossible to go around the monuments of the material property. The most ambitious and, perhaps, the most famous is the Scottish Stonehenge. The ancient Celts shared the year on the cold (from the holiday of Samha) and on the warm (from the festival of Belland) periods. Count the cold period of the Celts led since the arrival of cattle from pastures, and the beginning of a warm - from the pasture of the pasture. Labor experience convinced people in the fact that periods of agricultural work should be coordinated with the movement of the Moon and the Sun. A vivid example of the development of astronomical knowledge and their use of the people of the West can serve as Stonehenge (Stonehenge), located in England between Bristol and Salisbury, as well as Scottish Stonehenge, which is located near the town of Stornnway - the capital of the Islands - Harris and Lewis (Gerbit Islands). These structures were two concentric circles. English Stonehenge consisted of 38 pairs of vertically stood stones, its design also included the third construction of trees stones blurred into the ground, overlapped with stone slabs. Scottish Stonehenge consisted, as mentioned, out of 13 monoliths. In the center of such structures stood one huge stone - monolith, and northeast from him outside the construction of another. The researchers drew attention to the fact that the axes of each of these mysterious structures, conducted from the central monolith to the external, are directed towards the point of the horizon, where the sun rises on the day of summer solstice. These crude, undoubtedly, are the most ancient in Europe astronomical structures for the observations of the sunrise and the sunset of the heavenly luminaires and the moon, which is necessary to determine the time. According to legends, in front of such altars, Druids (Celtic priests) committed a solemn service on June 21, which began at the first rays of the sun. In recent years, modern Order of Druids, whose members are trying to reconstruct old Druid rituals and ceremonies and ceremony were organized in England. At the initiative of the Order began to reaffece the annual service of summer solstice in Stonehenge, and it takes place in the same place and in the same hour as in ancient times. The mystery of megaliths has long worried humanity. And recently, interest in them again sharply increased due to finding megalithic structures at the bottom Atlantic Ocean 40 kilometers from Bahamas Islands. Megaliths belong to different epochs. They were erected in the VIII millennium BC, they were built on Polynesia Islands only a few decades ago. Who was the first builder, and for what purpose created multi-megalithic structures? It is known that all Megaliths are clearly to the sea, and the farther from it, the smallest of the magnitude of the stone buildings become. Legends, as if fog, enveloped them, but there are something in all these legends, forcing us to think about the mysterious ancient history Earth left an indelible mark in the memory of human generations. Brodgar Ring (Ring of Brodar) is located in the vicinity of the town of Orkney, Scotland. The circle of stones with a diameter of 104 meters carries less mysteries than Stonehenge. The age of this facility has never been determined, although there is an opinion that it is about 2,500 to 2000 years BC. According to legends, this megalithic monument was called (Sun Temple). Men's (second) part of the three-stroke rite of engagement was performed in it. Initially, there were 60 stones in the circle, but by the end of the 20th century there are only 27 them left. The stones are installed inside the circular RVA up to three meters deep and 9 width. The last study was conducted in the 70s. Brodgar's ring to orkran is considered the third largest stones in the British Islands, but almost nothing is known about it. Broadgar's circle, it is the crude of the era of Neolithic on Mainland, the most big island In the architecture of the Orkney Islands (Scotland). It is located on a narrow coherence between the lakes of Stennes and Harray. There are many hypotheses for the appointment of this unique structure. Until now, unknown is the accurate age and the number of stones established originally. To date, the Mysterious Ring Brodgar is a wide range of vertically located megalites, some of which reach 4.8 meters in height. Once the ring was huge - 340 feet in the diameter (approximately 103.6 meters). Each stone is a block of rude sandstone. Today, the position of 40 stones is known, but the free space is quite enough at least for 20, scientists say. Earlier in the circle of the site with a diameter of 104 m stood 60 megalites. Until our days, only 27 has been preserved. Around the ring of 13 Kurgans, which still have not been studied by scientists. On the this moment Archaeologists are preparing to conduct a large-scale study that will last a month, should shed light on the history of its occurrence, age and purpose. The newest project implies repeated excavations and expansion of research areas. It is also planned to carry out geophysical measurements to accurately determine the location of those standing stones. What secrets will open these megaliths, will show the future ... Concrete Mengram (treated or natural cliffMounted by a person who has vertical dimensions noticeably exceed horizontal) Many legends are also devoted. The Christian Church gave many of them their interpretation, finding the image of the cross and a number of biblical plots in them. The most famous and most mysterious of them, of course, is Stonehenge. In England and Scotland such structures, from a diameter of 2 to 113 meters, several hundred was found. Although, as you know, the remnants of Cromlekh meet in many other countries of the world, but the ruins of Stonehenge are striking with their greatness. This unique structure has been erected in a few centuries until the fall of Homerovskaya Troy, i.e. Almost 4 thousand years ago. In the center of Stonehenge is a huge stone size 4.8? 1.0? 0.5 meters. This stone, named altar, was originally visible, apparently, in another place and the appointment of it is not fully known. Around it in the form of a giant horseshoe, with a diameter of about 15 meters, five trilites come out - structures from two vertical stones, which is put on the third. The height of the trilites varies from 6.0 to 7.2 meters and increases to the center of the horseshoe, and their weight reaches 5 tons. Trilitis at one time were surrounded by thirty vertical stones with a height of about 5.5 meters and weighing 25 tons. On these supports, forming a ring, the horizontal plates lay. The diameter of this ring, which is called Sarsenov, is about 30 meters. Behind the Sarsen Ring there was a few more annular structures. The entrance to Stonehenge is made from the northeast, it was in this direction that the horseshoe trilites opened. In the same direction, at a distance of approximately 35 meters from the center of the complex, it is worth stone pillar Mengir with a height of about 6 meters and weighing about 35 tons. It is often referred to as a heel stone, although there is no deepening in the form of heel on mengire. What appointment served ancient monumentcreated by an unknown civilization? What is this - the Temple of the Sun or the place of ritual sacrifices? Even with the help of modern technology, such a huge majestic structure of giant blocks, whose weight reaches 50 tons, is very difficult to create. One legend narrates the giants who lived to the World Flood, who were able to build Stonehenge, who still surprises and amazes people. And to this day, it puts before scientists, archaeologists, astronomers, the ufologists of the whole world, the many not yet revealed tasks, and literally in every stone there is a mystery. Scientists find out that the stones from which Stonehenge was built were taken 210 kilometers from the mountains of Oredia, but it was straight, and they were brought along the rivers, they were dragged on 380 kilometers. And it would take for 300 years. Organize the work of such a scale several thousand years ago seems completely incredible. Why were you needed so inhuman efforts? Astronomer Geral Hawkins in the 60s of the last century first suggested, and then proved that Stonehenge was used in antiquity as a observatory, which allowed astronomical observations with high accuracy. The scientist found even something like the "computing machine" - 56 holes located around the perimeter of the correct circle at an equal distance from each other. Shooting stones from one well to another, one could predict the lunar eclipses. A few years ago, Stonehenge explored Mathematics and Astronomer Valentin Tereshin and Chairman of the Samara Upheological Club Vladimir Avinsky. Studying the geometric features of the mutual location of individual elements of the megalithic structure, they made sure that the dimensions of the Earth and the Moon are encrypted with high accuracy, as well as the dimensions of the planets Solar system. Moreover, the comparison of this data with modern revealed only a slight discrepancy of several percent. British geologists calculated that Stonehenge was built in the period from 1900 to 1600 BC. At this time there were no centralized states here. People who were engaged in predominantly hunting and primitive agriculture were not needed to build such a gigantic structure. And, most importantly, even the most civilized residents mediterranean countries They did not know at the time of the true dimensions of the planets and did not have accurate geodesic devices, with which huge stones would be arranged. Most recently, two more new versions of the purpose of this facility were expressed. In the summer of this year, after two weeks of excavation inside Stonehenge, two professors of Archeology Tim Darville and Jesoff Wainwright from the Bursmut University said that they were as close as possible to the raystery of the secrecy of the prehistoric monument. Scientists believe that Stonehenge could serve as a magical hospital. This confirm the found remains of human bodies, the examination of which showed that many dead were serious injury. And thanks to the analysis of their teeth, it was possible to establish that most of them arrived from remote villages. For 600-year-old period in Stonehenge, 150 to 240 men and children were buried. According to Darville and Wainwright, people of those times believed that the blue stones of Stonehenge had healing power, so the ritual rites of healing were carried out there. Another version of the destination Stonehenge appeared a little later. According to the excavations of Professor Mike Parker Pearson, the world-famous megalithic structure served as a cemetery for the royal dynasty of antiquity. To such conclusions, the archaeologist came after the radiocarbon analysis of human remains found on the territory of the complex. Cremated remains - human bones and teeth - were found as a result of excavations in the 1950s and kept in the museum in Salisbury. To the conclusion about the royal affiliation of the departed, the scientist joined the unexpected find - a stone scepter.
A lot of riddles poses before scientists an Easter Island, it was here that hundreds of giant stonestunks were discovered. Solve the secrets of the most mysterious island in the world - Easter Islands in Pacific Ocean - Many tried. Latest serious expeditions were headed there famous travelers Tour Heyerdal and Jacques Yves Kusto. After measuring the set of idols (and on the island 887), the partner of the expedition to the mathematician Shamil Gypsy came to the conclusion that the projection of the center of gravity was shifted to the front edge of the foundation of the Istukan, which makes the whole design very unstable. And if you consider. That the huge "hat" (by the way, without any fixation) was installed on the head of the Istukan, then the multi-torque construction became not sustained at all: it was worth it to push it gently - and it would fell face down, and the hat would fly away far away. By the way, all the idols on Easter Island are lying - face down. But the most curious was that on the pedestals for Istukhanov (AhU), those sites on which they stood are stone semi-shaped structures. If you put an idiot with a "cap" on this platform, then it will immediately fall, because the half-one will turn out from being a shifted center of gravity of Istukan. The Japanese, however, set several groups of Eastukanov, but did it, putting everyone to a durable metal pin and strengthening everything concrete. Despite the fact that the most modern achievements of modern construction equipment were used, the Japanese managed only in several cases to establish "caps" of Eastukanov. The semi-shaped structures on the pedestals were destroyed, and the excavations for them were filled with concrete. Positions - AhU was originally made from an unusual very hard stone, which, by the way, is not in the natural yields of rocks on Easter Island. This stone is brought from some other place. Megalithic plates are made of it, severe grounds and much more on the ah. Each AHU, as the devices showed, is the source of infrared radiation. The compass in the Ahu zone does not work. Bodies of idols are made of soft volcanic tuff. The eyeballs are cut out with cutters, the base and the upper part of the head are cut into some kind of saw. Caps of Eastukanov are made of burned clay, on a career, where they are made to be seen that part of the clay slope was subjected to unusual heat treatment, as if a giant microwave oven worked. Eyes are made of incomprehensible material similar to china. And pupils are made of red burned clay. As ancient tribes could use such technologies from where they found out about them - it remains only to guess. As it turned out, the mysterious Istukans from the island of Easter are not one in their own way. Such figures were found in the Caucasus, in Altai and in Mongolia. They are called "Stone Baba". They are significantly less sizethan on Easter Island (0.5 - 2.5 meters high). They, like Eastukanov, there is no brain part of the skull, often the pin is found for the cap, there are no legs, the contours of the back are smoothed, the hands are folded on the stomach and focused on the face with clearly expressed "death authorities" - nose, eyes, mouth, and ears . But the expressions of persons from stone women are more kind. In Mongolia, there are also analogues of standing idols, the foundations of which are deeply in the ground. In Altai, Eastukanov is called "deer stones", their height reaches 3 meters. Most of them have no persons: they were destroyed due to the fact that they were too scary. There are "Deer stones", on which there are no traces of chip, then they are obviously made without face. On the rocky island of Corsica in the Mediterranean, there are dozens of stone colosus with unsubbitable mouths, massive chins and empty, devoid of every expression by eyes. In the form of heavy warriors, their stone breasts hang daggers, knives and long swords. On the chest and back, the lats or chain railings are clearly visible, on their heads - round helmets with curved edges, the neck is protected from behind, and the horns were probably created on the helmets, then the horns were created (the helmet left the horns from the horns). These sculptures were created approximately 3200 years ago.
Amazing monuments of antiquity are dolmen. Translated Dolmen means the "Stone Table". In the world they are numbered about 9000. They are scattered throughout the Earth. On the shores Mediterranean SeaIn France, Spain, Portugal, they are in England, India, in Malta, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, in North Korea, in Egypt. There are dolmen and in Russia. Dolmen are buildings from heavy stone slabs of quartz sandstone. Caucasian Dolmen numbered about 3000, and they are located in the coastal strip Stavropol Territorywhich stretches from Novorossiysk to Ochamchira (Georgia) at 400 km. In width, this strip goes into the mountains at 75 km almost to Maykop. Caucasian Dolmen Age - more than 7 millennia. Often on the facade plate of dolmen are depicted spheres and hemispheres. Most of the excavated dolmens in the front plate there is a circular opening. It is closed by a stone cork, which for the most part are destroyed by time. Even modern technical means it is difficult to build this a grand constructions. This is how A. Fortozov is described in the book "Monuments of primitive art": "In 1960, it was decided to transport any Dolmen from Eshry in Sukhumi -Vor's courtyard of the Abkhaz Museum. Chose the smallest and led to it lifting crane. No matter how the loop of the steel cable towards the coating plate, it did not move. Called the second crane. Two cranes removed the multiple monolith, but it turned out to be lifted to the truck. Exactly the roof lay in Esheri, waiting for the mechanism more powerful in Sukhumi. In 1961, with the help of another mechanism, all the stones were immersed on cars. But the main thing was ahead: collect the house again. Reconstruction was carried out only partially. The roof was lowered for four walls, but to deploy it so that their edges are entered into the grooves on the inner surface of the roof, could not. In antiquity, the slabs were fitted to each other so much that the blade of the knife was not sealing between them. And now there is a big gap. Until now, the purpose of Dolmen remains a mystery.
primitive Culture Art Building Megalith
SUBS., Number of synonyms: 8 Dolmen (3) Cairn (2) Cromlekh (3) ... Synonym dictionary
megalith - A, m. Mégalithe c. Megas big + Lithos stone. An ancient construction of huge stones, which served mostly by a grave monument or sanctuary. Krysin 1998. Megaliths of Crimea and the Caucasus. Nature 1931 5 482. Megaltic Aya, OE. Rat ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicalism Russian Language
Megalith - (Megalith, Greek. "Big Stone"), cult facilities from huge cam. Blind (treated and untreated), were erected in such different placeslike Empire Incas, etc. Egypt, oh. Easter. Usually M. These are large blocks built into the tombstones and others ... ... The World History
megalith - A large stone used in some past cultures as a monument or during the construction of buildings ... Dictionary on geography
Megalith C-3 PM - (TU 5730 003 43184789 2005) - is a plasticizing additive (based on 3) with a water-based and anti-corrosive effect (up to 15 ° C.), it provides the possibility of concrete work on frost without heating materials and ... Encyclopedia Terms, Definitions and Explanations of Building Materials
M. Ancient culting constructions From huge raw or semi-cooked stone blocks (served in the III II millennium BC. The grave monument or sanctuary). Explanatory dictionary Efremova. T. F. Efremova. 2000 ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language
Megalith, Megalith, Megalith, Megalith, Megalith, Megalith, Megalith, Megalith, Megalith, Megalithi, Megalite, Megalithites (Source: "Full accentuated paradigm by A. A. Zaliznyaku") ... Forms of words
megalith - Megal IT, and ... Russian spelling dictionary
Megalith - ancient constructure from huge stones; per. In the original METALOWA TWARZ Metal face: ஐ The term fell caught by mice into a cage, his megalithic face completely approached the eyes of the pix, but the robot, apparently noticed him. ... ... World Lem - Dictionary and Travel Guide
Books
- Geometry escape. Poem, Petrushkin Alexander. Alexander Petrushkin was born in 1972 in the city of Ozersk Chelyabinsk region. Published in journaloral, Khreshchatyk, Ural nove, day and ...
- Geometry escape, Alexander Petrushkin. Alexander Petrushkin was born in the city of Ozersk Chelyabinsk region. Published in the magazines "Ural", "Khreshchatyk", "Uralskaya Nov", "Day and Night", "Neva", "Children of Ra", "Air", "Banner", "Text ...
In addition to . All photos are made on the territory of the former USSR
Megalites, huge structures made of massive stone blocks, are found in our country. In Russia, there are many such structures, only they are known not as the famous Stonehenge in the UK or
Olitantambo in Peru. With the ancient megalithic facilities found in Russia, we will get to know further.
First
why start a trip it is Mount Vottovaara - the highest point
West Karelian elevation - 417.3 m above sea level. Area
mount 6 square meters. km.
The place is just full of strange artifacts after which
you begin to think about the ancient highly developed technologies by
stone processing, let's look at the photo.
Mount Vottovaara.
Scattered blocks Megalithites.
The near block of sleep at an angle of 90 degrees or the game of nature?
how
laser spent :) Geologists believe that cracks and faults,
formed as a result of a strong earthquake of about 9 thousand years
back. The same planes of stones - the result of the properties of the local breed -
quartzite, the structure of which and sets so smooth planes when
split.
So nevertheless nature or guide? Let's look closer.
More
it looks like perfectly cut blocks tightly adjacent to each other.
It is difficult to imagine an ancient ancestor with a copper chisel that somewhere on
mount pulls such smooth blocks.
Good angle, perfectly smooth wall.
Who lost the ball?)
Here, clearly without high technologies on the stone processing, there was no nature or yet the game of nature? :)
Ural. Ridge Quarks
Mount Pidan.
At first glance, it looks like nothing noticeable bunch of stones of the cramped cliff.
But approaching closer becomes more like megalithic masonry.
Looking
between the blocks, where the stones were less susceptible to the influence of erosion from
wind and rain can be seen a man-made and how smooth faces are preserved.
In the place where the joints of the blocks went smoothly smooth sleep and the technology of laying these blocks opens.
Some blocks reach tens of tons weighing.
Despite the colossal destruction, many fragments have been preserved well enough to classify them as building materials.
And this all nature created how scientists say.
This is most likely a product of natural stone formation processes and its uneven erosion. Different inclusion density can manifest itself in a result of greater wear resistance.
More like stinging stone wax)
Stone city in Perm Territory.
By
versions of scientists Stone city - This is the mouth of the river in the Perm
sea \u200b\u200bmillions years ago, this is explained beautiful and smoothly, under
straight corners, pulling stones, neat their masonry and
perpendicular to each other "Duks" "mouths".
Stone city.
See which smooth sides of Megaliths, as if Spinal.
Again, the old method look between the blocks inside the masonry, look at the far unit in the center, smooth slice along the entire length of the block.
They say somewhere on Kola Peninsula There is this pool carved right in the rock.
On South Western Siberia. In Mountain Shoria in the Mezhdurechensky district there is a small geological village called pebbles.
IN
this village lives several educated talented geologists. it
Alexander Bespalov, Vyacheslav Honotkin and others. These people all their lives
engaged in research mountain Systems Western Siberia. One day they
stumbled in the mountains on strange megalithic facilities that for
you could not explain myself. These were walls laid out of gigantic
stone blocks and strange buildings with vertically established
stone obeliski. On the Internet, they contacted George Sidorov,
so the first expedition was collected.
Mountain Shoria.
Some
granite blocks at the bottom were folded from red granite, they were crowned
granite blocks of gray, and above lay polygonal laying from various
blocks, both red granite and gray.
Granite
in some places melted from the impact of huge temperatures and
light under the weight of the upper rows. Kungurov would say about this that it
traces of reflow from thermonuclear explosion :)
The wall is composed of polygonal masonry from multicolored blocks.
The size of the blocks is impressive, one of the versions, the find is a man-made structure of over 100 thousand years.
On the
photo George Sidorov, in his opinion all this megalithic structure
may be the ruins of an ancient power station or energy-centrally,
which translated seismic energy into some other.
Again
looking inside the masonry where the blocks were less susceptible to erosion, visible
smooth straight face, look like two blocks lie tightly, here is better
a man is visible.
Polygonal masonry.
Mountain Shoria. Huge blocks.
on the
department of Radio Physics in Tomsk State University
demonstrated photos on the screen, told about various types
masonry, about stone castles, which are bonded by giant granite blocks
and not a single scientist physicist said that all this has a natural
origin. Most of all they were surprised how the ancient raise
giant stone blocks on the height of more than 1000 meters and there
install them on a special platform.
Then
in the Tomsk branch of RGO photos studied scientists geologists and geographers. AND
those and others came to the conclusion that the presented artifacts are
man-made.
Slyov
they asked to comment on the find. And what did he say? What all
the found artifacts are nothing more than wersowed at right angles
rocks. That nothing man is not here. Just a game of nature, no more.
After these words, I am not surprised why the LAI does not study Russian megalites.
Between blocks.
For comparison on the left megalite in Baalbek, on the right Megalith in a mountain shore, it seems the author one :)
Mount Shaman not far from. Nizhnetambovskoe, Khabarovsk region.
Ancient megalithic masonry.
Again between the blocks there is a better guide and straight lines.
Big block megalith.
Large block megalite on small stones, so do for better seismic resistance.
Megalithic masonry reminds Mountain Shore.
Kabardino-Balkaria, Cave in the Baksan Gorge.
First
you need to squeeze in a hole with a size of 40 by 120 cm, then descend on
verop on a narrow vertical mine. It forms two parallel
stone slabs. 9 meters - the first "knee": LAZ goes away and
immediately breaks down again. Already here you will cover absolute silence -
outside, neither sound penetrates. 23 meters in depth - and new
"knee". To reach the bottom of the cave, you need to overcome more than 80 meters,
and it will go on a whole hour. But, by passing the "bottle of neck", you
we will find yourself in a huge room, which researchers called "Flag".
Inside, we will see the treated walls of tuff and granite, isolated from
correct, tightly fitted to each other overwhelmed megalites.
Descent to the cave.
Clearly seen the verge of blocks and seams between them.
Smooth masonry affects and the seams are clearly adjusted to each other.
Three-grinded blocks diverged a little.
Barely noticeable block seams on the left lunar wall and on the wall behind it.
how do you seams?
Turning the cave at an angle of 90 degrees. Two large megalithic bloc stand on each other.
Technologies
stone processing amazed, and more striking the comment of the head
plot of Kabardino-Balkarian Geological and Exploration Expedition Faith
Davidenko, but she realist and believes that everything has done in the forces
conclusion: "Tufa is a cluster of volcanic emission products -
ash, scraps of lava, volcanic glass and to a small extent,
wheels of breeds, cateter walls. Emission material for
the accumulation was hot and therefore cracks were formed during the frozen
separately - that is, the entire touched array turned out to be as if broken into
blocks. The deepening found in the village of Zyukovo village is
one of these cracks of the gravitational separation for which
characterized smooth surfaces of contact ", but this is the boss
geological exploration expedition, she is probably clearer.
The scheme of the structure.
On the finals a little fiction) Araculsky Shikhan, strange constructure In the middle of the forest. I have everything, kick :)
Petrified litas with ripples on the shores of the Calm.
Sayan megaliths. Kuturchinskoe Belogorier: 
To someone needs to explain that these are not the remains, namely the remains of the facilities of the ancient, unknown to us civilization?
I hope you see everything yourself? No need to comment?
It,. Of course, difficult. It's hard to imagine how this construction looks before, but you imagine how thousands, tens of thousands of years, day after day Skalf rushed with wind, sand, water, drops of temperature, change of lighting, glaciers, earthquakes (seismicallyakable area, there are even dormant volcano). The sharp corners were stepping out, straight ribs smoothed, and here we see what we see.
The climate in these places is very stern, in such a climate from Machu Picchu would have left the same thing on this photo, I do not doubt it.
Hold this arch mentally, and imagine a vaulted ceiling over your head. Impressive dimensions of "corridor"?
It is built absolutely in accordance with the seismic resistance technology, which is applied in the Meso-American megalithic structures, and in the "Temple" in the Middle East: at the base of small blocks, they are larger on them, and the top is not important. Small - work like a shock absorber, and polygonal masonry is the best invention of bricklayers for all times. It can be destroyed by a piece of a piece of piece, or a powerful explosion, after which Kurubnik appears on the site of monolith - a stone river out of fragments.
These structures are also so poorly identified as "man-made" that they have been subjected to powerful effects from changing the landscape itself. Mountains "breathe", constantly changes the heights and deviations from the horizontal.
Pay attention to the sun ... Yes! The very "Megandavid", which is considered to be a symbol of Judaism!
Only bearing supports are preserved.
Rules for visiting concerts in the Cathedral
Culinary City Day on Red Presnya
Catania Beaches Canara - La Gomera
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