In which hemisphere is the Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Map

Area Caribbean 2,754,000 km². The average depth of 1225 m. The average water volume of 6860 thousand km³.

The sea is located on the Caribbean lithospheric plate. It is divided into five pools separated from each other by the underwater ridges and the series of the islands. The Caribbean Sea is considered small compared to other reservoirs, although its maximum depth is approximately 7,686 meters (in Caiman Vpadina between Cuba and Jamaica).

Shore places in places of highlands, places lowlands; In the West and the Antille Islands are bordered by coral reefs. Coastline severely cut; In the West and the south are bays - Hondurasky, Dariansky, Venezuelan (Marakaybo), etc.

The Caribbean Sea is one of largest seas transition zone separated from the ocean system of multi-age island arcs, of which the youngest, which has modern existing volcanoes, is a small antiller arc. More mature island arcs form a major islands - Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico with the already formed mainland ( northern part Cubes) or submaateric terrestrial crust. The island arc of Kaymanova - Sierra Maesstra is also young, expressed in most part by the underwater Cayman ridge accompanied by a deep-sea refuge (7680 m). Other underwater ridges (ABES, Beat, Mineleino threshold) are apparently immersed by island arcs. They divide the bottom of the Caribbean to Kotlovin: Grenadian (4120 m), Venezuelan (5420 m). Colombian (4532 m), Bartlett with deep-sea frills Cayman, Yucatanian (5055 m). The bottom of Kotlovin has a terrestrial boron of a subochanic type. Donate sediments - lime foraminiferous iba, in the southwestern part - weaklyangangantic, limestone yers, in shallow water - various coral deposits, including numerous reef buildings. The climate is tropical, is under the influence of the transmission circulation and is characterized by large homogeneity. Average monthly air temperatures from 23 to 27 ° C. Cloudy 4-5 points. The amount of precipitation from 500 mm in the east to 2000 mm in the West. From June to October in North. Sea parts are marked tropical hurricanes. Hydrological regime is characterized by great homogeneity. Surface flow under the influence of trade wind winds is moving from the east to west. At the coast Central America It deviates to the northwest and goes through Yucatan shed in the Gulf of Mexican. The flow rate is 1-3 km / h, the Yukanian strait has up to 6 km / h. KM is an intermediate pool for waters that come from Atlantic Ocean And when leaving the Gulf of Mexico in the ocean, the Golf Stream is given. Average monthly water temperatures on the surface from 25 to 28 ° C; Annual fluctuations less than 3 ° C. Saltance about 36.0. Density 1,0235-1,0240 kg / m3 Color water from bluish-green to green. Tides are predominantly incorrect semi-sufficient; Their value is less than 1 m. Vertical change hydrological characteristics It occurs to a depth of 1500 m, below which the sea is filled with homogeneous water coming from the Atlantic Ocean; Its temperature is from 4.2 to 4.3 ° C, saline 34.95-34.97. In the Karabian Sea dwells sharks, volatile fish, sea turtle and other types of tropical fauna. Cachelotes and humpback whales are found, Jamaica island - Tyleny and Lamanin.

The Caribbean has a great economic and strategic value As the shortest seaway connecting through the Panaman Canal Ports of the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Major ports - Maracaibo and La Guaira (Venezuela), Cartagena (Colombia), Lemon (Costa Rica), Santo Domingo ( Dominican Republic), Colon (Panama), Santiago de Cuba (Cuba), etc.

The name "Caribbean" was obtained in honor of Caribbean, one of the dominant Indian tribes of America, which lived on the coast at the time of the contact of Columbus with aborigines at the end of the 15th century. After the opening of West Indies, Cristofor Columbus in 1492, the Caribbean Sea was called the Antilles, in honor of the Spaniards who opened the Antilles. In various countries, the Caribbean Sea is still confused with the Antilles Sea.

The outskirts of the atlantic ocean pool semi-cocked Sea, from the West and the South limited to Central and South America, from the north and east - large and small antilie islands. In the north-west through the Yucatanian Strait, connected to the Mexican Bay, in the south-west - with the Pacific Ocean through the artificial Panama Canal.

Lies between 9 ° and 22 ° C. sh. and between 89 ° and 60 ° h. D., Its area is about 2,753,000 km. sq.
In the south, it is washes by Venezuela, Colombia and Panama, in the west - Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Belize and the Mexican Peninsula Yucatan, in the north - Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica and Puerto Rico; In the East - the states of small antillest islands

Coastline of the Caribbean

The coastline of the sea is strongly cut, the shores of the mountains in places, lowlands in places (Retribic lowland). In shallow areas there are various coral sediments and numerous reef buildings. There are several bays on the continental coast, the largest of which are Hondurasky, Moskitos, Dariansky and Venezuelan. Batabano, Ana Maria and Guachanoe (South Coast of Cuba) are located in the northern part of the Bay of Gone (Western Hait Island).

On the eastern shore of Yucatana there are several bays, including Asenskion, Espiritu-Santo and Chetumal. The Honduras Bay ends with the Cove of Amatics located on the border of Belize and Guatemala. The North Honduras North Coast is weakly, and several lagun go to the shore of the mosquitoes, among which the lagoons of Karatask, Bismuna, Pearl and Bloofilds Bay. In the east, Panama is a large lagoon of chiriki. At the coast South America Dariansky Bay ends with the Bay of the Uracha, and the Venezuelan Bay was restned by the Guahir Peninsula - Marakaybo Lake. To the west of the island Trinidad lies the Bay of the Paria, which is considered part of the Atlantic Ocean.

Islands

The concept of West Indies is customary to include the Antilles and Bahamas. The Caribbean is washed only by the Antilles, which are divided into large Antilles and Small Antilles. The large Antilles of the islands fade the northern border of the sea and include four major islands: Cuba, Haiti (previously called Espanyol), Jamaica and Puerto Rico, as well as small nearby Islands - Los Canaryos Archipelago (the largest island of HuvenTud) and Hardinez de La Reina lying southern Coast Cuba.

Small Antilles are divided into atmospheres and leeward Islands (Southern Antilles), named so in relation to the North-West Passat. The first group lies on the eastern border of the sea and consists of about 50 islands, the largest of which are Santa Cruz, St. Thomas (Virgin Islands), Anguilla, St. Martin, Saint Kitts, Barbuda, Antigua (Antigua and Barbuda), Grand- Ter and Bass Ter (Guadeloupe), Dominica, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Barbados, Grenada, Tobago and Trinidad. The South Antilles are located along the coast of South America and include Aruba Islands, Curaçao, Bonaire (Netherlands), Margarita, Las-Avesta Archipelagoes and Los Roques (Venezuela) and a number of others smaller.

In the western part of the Caribbean Sea there are several archipelasses such as Cayman Islands, Tereneff Islands, Islas de la Bai and Miscitos, as well as a number of individual islands (Providencia, San Andres) and Reefs (Lighthouse, Glover, Media Moon and Others).

Climate

The Caribbean Sea is located in the tropical climate zone, which is affected by the trade-mounted circulation. The average monthly air temperatures varies from 23 to 27 ° C. Cloudy is 4-5 points.

The average annual precipitation in the region varies from 250 mm on the island of Bonaire to 9,000 mm in the winding parts of Dominica. Northeastern trade winds with average speeds of 16-32 km / h prevail, but tropical hurricanes occur in the northern seas, whose speed may exceed 120 km / h. On average, 8-9 such hurricanes occurs in the period from June to November, and in September-October they are most frequent.

The vegetation of the Caribbean

The vegetation of the region is predominantly tropical, but differences in topographic, soil and climatic conditions Increase species diversity. Porous limestone terraces of islands are usually poor nutrients. It is estimated that there are 13 thousand species of plants in the Caribbean region, of which 6.5 thousand are endemics, for example, a guy tree and mahagony scrolls. In coastal areas, coconut palm trees, lagoon and estairia rivers overgrown with dense mangram (red and black mangrove tree).

Animal world

The sea biota of the region occurred from representatives of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, which fell into the Caribbean to the emergence of the Panama isthmus about 4 million years ago. About 450 species of fish live in the Caribbean Sea, including sharks (bull shark, tiger shark, silk shark and caribbean rhyphic shark), volatile fish, sea devils, orange-eyed surgeon, an angel fish, glaze, butterfly fish, parrot fish, Giant perch, Tarpon and Moray. In the whole of the Caribbean region, industrial catch of Langustov, Sardin (off the shores of Yucatan) and some types of tunses are produced. Alburic, Barracuda, Marlin and Wahu are popular with fishermen lovers.

Mammals of the Caribbean region are represented by 90 species, there are casuals, humpback whales and dolphin. The island of Jamaica dwells seals and American lamantines. Earlier in the region, the Caribbean Monk is considered to be extinct; Under the threat of extinction is representatives of the native to the region of the Socials family.

All 170 species of amphibians living in the region are endemic. The ranges of almost all representatives of the places of the toad, the tree, quix and whistles are limited by any one island.

In the Caribbean region, 600 species of birds were registered, 163 of which endemic for the region, for example, the Todi, Cuban Schoklyless Woodpecker and Palm Chackan. From endemics 48 species are under threat of extinction: Puertorica Amazon, Cuban chase, Cuban wretfish, etc. Antilles along with Central America, lie on the migration of birds from North AmericaTherefore, the size of bird populations are subject to strong seasonal fluctuations. In the forests there are parrots, sugar birds and tucanis, over open sea You can find frigates and phaetons.

Tourism

Thanks to the warm climate and magnificent beaches The Caribbean region is one of the main resorts World. Rich Sea Fauna attracts divers; In addition to natural beauty, the region is rich cultural monuments Precucumbian civilizations and colonial era. The tourism industry is an important component of the economy of the Caribbean countries, serving mainly travelers from the United States, Canada, Brazil and Argentina. Aerial service Between North America and the caribbeans is better than inside the region.

Jamaica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Barbados, Puerto Rico - all these and many others famous countries located on the islands Caribbean And known under the general historical name of West India.

Surely, in some tourists who want to relax in one of these countries, the question arose - where are there Caribbean Islands ? Washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean, they are between North and South America. Opened christofore Columbus in the 15th century, they numbered about seven thousand island sites of sushi. There are 13 states on their territory. Caribbean sea ishes not only the islands located in it, but also the shores of South, Central and North America, therefore countries that have caribbean coast, also considered the caribbeans.

All the islands of the Caribbean are combined into three large groups - the Bahamas, small and large Antilles. Everyone has their own geographic feature and, respectively, relief. Small Antilles, having an arcuate form, stretch throughout the northern part of the archipelago. The 8 countries of the Caribbean are located on their territory, among them - Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, Dominica, Saint Lucia.

Large Antille Islands is the most visited by tourists. The territory of large Antille Islands includes Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Cayman Islands and Puerto Rico. These countries love tourists, because here is a soft tropical climate, a little wet. Evergreen forests, numerous rivers, endless beaches - all this has a good rest.

Bahamas - large archipelago.There are about 700 small islands in its territory. A large number of coral reefs, snow-white sands and coconut palms, tropical forests and the warm flow of Golfustrim - all this can not leave indifferent lovers southern rest. In addition, for those who know where the Caribbean islands are located and, accordingly, their origin, it is the Bahamas archipelago that opens its underwater depth secrets. In addition to the fashionable resorts on Islands Abaco and Eleuther, the Bahamas are rich in their nature, historical attractions and friendly residents.

Caribbean islands - a place, which is a kind of oasis in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. For lovers active rest There are many geographic advantages - from good wind conditions for sailing, to endless reef maze with stunning underwater residents. For a relaxing holiday - quiet sea lagoons in the frame of the tropical forests make rest on the islands worthy of subsequent repetitions.

Popular recreation places for many people from different parts of the land of the country of the Caribbean. The list of them was replenished both mainland and island states.

Caribbean Sea on the world map in Russian

The Caribbean is known in modern civilization since its opening in the 15th century. The discovers gave birth to the sea named tribes caribbeanwho inhabited the coast, although in the entire history of the sea many times changed their name.

A romantic and ominous history of piracy is connected with the Caribbean Sea, whose flourishing falls for the 18th century.

Piracy has long been riveted in the past, but it is of interest to this day. It was the story of the Pirates of the Caribbean Sea and became the plot for the film of the same name. The modern Caribbean Sea is the most fashionable and popular Resorts of the world that attract people with their amazing paradise beauty.

Caribbean sea is an attractive place to relax. You can choose a vacation to taste in any country, almost at any time of the year, which is facilitated by the climate. Caribbean is the territory of eternal summer!

Where is?

Caribbean Sea, this is the open sea in west HemisphereIn the Atlantic Ocean pool, it is like connecting two parts of the American continent, located between South and Central America and the Antilles. Through the Panama Canal associated with Safety oceanThrough Yukanian Strait has access to the Gulf of Mexican.

Climate

Climate of the Caribbean Sea tropical, with the predominance of eastern winds - trade winds. Not rare and tropical hurricanes, especially strong in the northern regions of the sea. The most hurricane season from June to November. Most often, destructive hurricanes, from which the inhabitants of coastal areas have suffered more than once, in the first months of autumn.

Sometimes hurricanes are so destructive that this event becomes part of the story.

The amount of precipitation can vary Depending on the winds and on what region of the sea is one or another island.

Temperature In the Caribbean, the sea is approximately the same. The average temperature in summer + 28 ° C, in winter from 23 to 27 ° C.

List of basin countries

The Caribbean is washed by the shores of many states and territories, both continental and island.

What territories is washes: states and their capital

Continental stateswho wash the Caribbean Sea are located in North, Central and South America.

The only country of North America in the Caribbean - or, as it is called on official languageMexican United States. Capital - Mexico City.

Countries of South America:

• Colombia, official name Republic of Columbia. Capital - Bogota;
• Venezuela or officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Capital - Caracas;
• Republic of PanamaPartially located in Central America. The capital is Panama.

Countries of Central America:

1. Republic of Nicaragua, the capital is Managua;
2. Republic of Honduras., Capital - Tegucigalpa;
3. Republic of Guatemala, the capital is Guatemala;
4. Republic of Costa Rica, Capital - San Jose;
5. Belize, the capital is Belmopan.

Island states Caribbean:

• Cuba, the official name, unofficial is the island of freedom. Capital - Havana;
• Dominican Republic, the capital is Santo Domingo;
• Haiti, the official name of the Republic of Haiti, the capital of Port-O-Priss;
• Jamaica, Capital - Kingston;
• Puerto Rico, Officially called freely associated state of Puerto Rico or Commonwealth Puerto Rico. Capital - San Juan.

Read more about Puerto Rico, read: history, climate, animal, vegetable world and other.

You can separately allocate territories that are part of european countries: (Anguilla), France (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Bartelemy, Saint-Martin), the Netherlands (Bonaire, Saba and Sint-Eustatius), this is due to the history of the colonization of the land of the Caribbean. As well as territories belonging to the United States Virgin Islands, the capital - Charlotte-amalia.

Washydown islands

The islands of the Caribbean this Antille Islands Big and small and Bahamas.

• Large Antille Islands Include Cuba Island, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Cayman Islands. The smallest island is a small kayman, its area is 28.5 km².
• Small Antilles This is: chain of small islands, the largest of them Trinidad and Tobago and Martinique, the smallest - small Martinique, just 2.4 km², with a population of 900 people.
• Bahamas Include 700 small islands, and only 30 of them are settled.

Tourism in the Cariba

The variety of resorts on the caribbean makes a difficult choice betterSince each island is good in its own way. In the Caribbean, anyone will find a rest in the soul. For russian tourists An obstacle is a long and not cheap path to Carib.

A pleasant bonus is that the Russians do not need visa to enter some states.

Popular resorts

Resorts where possible a visa-free entrance:

• Montego Bay. - Resort for amateurs fun, movement, hip-strip. The city does not fall asleep port and luxury hotels;

One of the most dear resorts The world is located just in the Caribbean Sea. Read about it and other resorts that are not for everyone to pocket.

• Negril - snow-white beaches, peace, kingdom palm, natural zonedistant from the noise of cities and production;
• Ocho Rios Charming with its inconsistency: on the one hand, the quiet fishing towns, on the other hand, the center of cruise tourism. And solitude lovers and fans of parties can find a place at this resort.

The best beaches

Among best beaches The Caribbean has those that deserve additional attention:

The Caribbean Sea is attractive comfort, romance and defined dangerSince the beaches of the Caribbean Sea often turn out to be on the path of hurricanes. The strongest winds and complete serenity, the ability to choose the rest and the beach to taste, enjoy the sea sports, watch the life of plants and animals at the original corners of nature, attracts people from all over the world.

See video About rest in the Caribbean:

The Caribbean Sea, or the Central American Sea, is the outskirts of the Atlantic Ocean. Its northern border passes from Yucatan Peninsula to the Big Antilles, then along the Big Antille Islands (Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico and Jamaica). Virgin Islands eastern Island Puerto Rico is part of the small antillest islands. The latter consist of a large number of small islands forming an arc directed to the southeast of the Strait of anegada and further to the south, where the arc is adjacent to the South America shelf, forming the eastern border of the Caribbean. Large islands of this volcanic arc - GUADELOUP, Martinique, Saint Lucia, etc. Another arc (external) is the islands of Barbados, Tobago and Trinidad - connects to the southeast with mountain chains Venezuela. The southern border of the Caribbean Sea is the northern shores of the three countries -Venesuel, Colombia and Panama. Eastern shores Central America form the eastern step border of the Caribbean, the first step of which is Honduras, the second Peninsula Yucatan. Yucatan Strait of 220 km width connects the Caribbean Sea with the Mexican Bay.

Numerous straits down to 2000 m. Between large and small antilles join the Caribbean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe Caribbean Sea 2640 thousand km2. The greatest depth of the Caribbean Sea is a little exceeding 7100 m. The following main basins are located on the West of Cayman from the east: Grenadian (3000 m) Venezuelan (5000 m), Columnic (4000 m), Cayman (6000m) and Yucatan (500 m). Menezatnaya Basins - Bowl Virgin Islands, Dominican chute and Wpadina Kariako. The average depth of Kotlovin is approximately 4400 m. From the east to the West, the main underwater ridges are drawn: Aves, Beat, Jamaica and Cayman. The Caribbean Sea is located in the trade in the trade zone, and therefore the winds that have been very resistant to the East and the VV. Intense sediments are observed in the summer months, when the conditions of weather are prevailing characteristic of the tropics. The most abundant sediments fall east of the Panama isthmus - more than 2000 mm in 6 months, from June to November. Directly in the Caribbean sea of \u200b\u200bhurricanes is born little, however, many hurricanes come through the small Antilles in the late summer and early autumn.

Hydrological mode

Circulation. Most of the straits connecting the Caribbean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean, shallow water, which prevents large water exchange. Only some sheds have a depth of over 1000 m, they also play a leading role in the circulation of the water of the Caribbean. The main strait along which the water leaves the Caribbean is Yucatan shedding the depth of its threshold of about 2000 m.

The direction of the main flux of the Caribbean in the upper 1500-meter layer from the east to the west. Below this depth of the water of the Caribbean Sea is isolated from the ocean, therefore it is observed a very slow and volatile flow. In the Caribbean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean, waters arrived by the drift Guiangian flow walking along the shores of South America to the North-West. Having reached the small antillest islands, the Guiangic flow branches. The main branch takes place in the Caribbean Sea through the central sheds of this island arc, mainly through the straits of the north and south Islands Saint Lucia; Another branch is poured into the northern trade house and goes along the eastern and northern borders of the Caribbean Sea towards Bahamas Islands. The water of the Gwiang flow to form in the Caribbean, after they pass the Grenada Basin and the Range of the ABE, well-developed zonal circulation with maximum speed Flood in 200-300 km north of the coast South America. The branch of the Guiangle flows into the Caribbean current and continues to go west through the passage of Aruba in Colombian Basin. In the western part of the hollow, she turns north, crosses the Ridge Jamaica and then goes along the Cayman brand to 85-86 ° C. D., where turns back to the north and comes out of the Caribbean Sea through the Yucatan Strait.

The axis of the Caribbean is usually over the most big depths From the small antillest islands to the Yucatanian Strait of the north and the south of the axis of the Caribbean flow, the flows are mostly parallel. Their direction weakly changes with depth, the speed with increasing depth decreases continuously, for example,<5 см/с на глубинах свыше 1500 м в Венесуэльской и Колумбийской котловинах. В Кайманской и Юкатанской котловинах глубинное течение проявляется лучше, но его все же можно считать медленным.

The speed of the surface currents of the Caribbean is determined by seasonal changes in the speed of trade winds. The highest rate of caribbean flow on the surface is observed at the end of winter (39.1 cm / s) and at the beginning of the summer (41.2 cm / s). The average rate of caribbean flow on the surface during the year 0.7 nodes, or 38 cm / s. During observation from the courts, higher velocities reaching 138.9 cm / s on the main axis of the Caribbean flow were noted. The estimated speeds can be calculated according to the density measurement data. The calculation shows that the main axis of the flow is preserved in the upper 300-400-meter layer, and its speed is rapidly decreased from 40-60 cm / s on the surface to 10 cm / s at a depth of 300 m. Below is slow decrease in speed to zero depth 1000-1500 m; Below this depth is too slow, so that it can be calculated by its geostrophic method. Along the shores of Cuba, Haiti and South America, anti-acts are observed (in the direction east). In the western regions of Columbian, Cayman and Yucatanian bideline, countercases are directed towards the center of the Caribbean, the zonal flow is violated by the meridional transfer, which is determined by the rejection of the flow on the border with the mainland.

Water transfer through cuts from north to south can be calculated by geostrophic velocities. In the west, its average value of 30 million m3 / s. Straits of large Antille Islands do not play a significant role in the overall transfer. Through Meridian 64 ° h. It is mainly the same as through meridian 84 ° h. The Caribbean flow is approximately 30% of total transfer (75-90 million m3 / s) with golfustrim water. (The remaining 70% go to Golf Stream from the antillest course, which is poured into it north of the Bahamas.)

A feature of the circulation of the waters of the Caribbean is the rise of deep waters on the surface off the coast of South America. The ascending movement of the mass of water in the Caribbean, as well as in other parts of the world ocean, is caused by the action of wind: there is a saft of surface water from the coast and replacing it with deep water. The rise of deep water does not apply to greater depths and below 250 m is not significant. As a result of the rise of deep waters, productivity increases, it is an area of \u200b\u200bintense fisheries. The appropriate lowering of surface water occurs in Venezuelan and Colombian hollows along 17 ° C.Sh.

Salney of the Caribbean Sea

Field of salinity in the Caribbean is characterized by four layers. Two of them, surface waters and subtropical subsurface water (50-200 cm) are associated with the area of \u200b\u200bthe warm water of the ocean and are separated from the field of cold waters at a depth of 400-600 m with a low layer (below 3.0 ml / l) of oxygen content; Two other layers are represented by cold subanctric intermediate waters (700-850 m) and north-atlantic deep waters (1800-2500 m).

Waters lying on the border between the main layers are mixed due to turbulence. The size of the salinity of surface water depends on evaporation, atmospheric precipitation, drain from sushi and advection caused by flows. Soleside in winter is higher at the coast of South America (36 Prom), and this is partially due to the rise to the surface of salty subtropical subsurface water. In the north of the Caribbean, the salinity on the surface decreases and becomes less than 35.5 industrial. In the Cayman and Yucatanian basins the highest salinity (ZB Prom) is observed south of Cuba. Further to the south, the salinity of surface waters also decreases to 35.5 industries. At the coast of Honduras. In summer, abundant precipitation and stock with sushi reduce the salinity of surface waters by about 0.5 industrate in the south and 1.0 prom. in the north.

The distribution of salinity in the western part of the Caribbean information is not enough.
The greatest salinity has subtropical subsurface water. It is a thin layer (which indicates the predominance of horizontal mixing over the vertical in a stable layer), which has a bias from the south (50-100 m) to the north (200 m).
The main axis of the stream of subtropical subsurface water coincides with the axis of the Caribbean. The salinity of this water is more than 37pro in the eastern regions of the Venezuelan Basin. In the Yucatanian Strait, the salinity is reduced by stirring to the ZB, 7 prom. but
Subnutrctic intermediate water, which is formed in the zone of the Southern Polar Front, the least salted. The layer also has a bias from the south (600-700 m) to the north (800-850 m). In the southern part of the Caribbean sea, this layer is thicker. West of 65 ° z. His north edge becomes thinner and disappears, without reaching the northern border of the Caribbean, the salinity of this layer is less than 34.7 industries, but as water progresses, it increases so much so that this layer cannot be found in Yucatanian Strait. Its axis also coincides with the axis of the Caribbean. Below this layer is a layer of the North Atlantic deep water, which is included in the Caribbean Sea through the thresholds of the straits between the small Antilles Islands. The water of this layer is extremely homogeneous, with salinity of about 35 industrial.

The temperature of the Caribbean

The field of temperatures of the Caribbean has a tropical character, i.e. Warm water on the surface and well-visible thermocline at a depth of 100_200 m, which prevents vertical stirring and penetration of heat from the surface to depth. Below 1500 m water temperature is approximately 4 ° C with a small oscillation from the basin to the hollow. The temperature rises by several tenth of degrees at high depths (below3000 m) due to the effect of increasing pressure. Dragging the temperature of the surface layer determines the position of the temperature equator in the northern part of the Caribbean sea.

At the end of the summer, the temperature of the surface layer of the Caribbean is 28.3 ° C in the south and 28.9 ° C in the north. In the West of the Caribbean, the warmer month is August, in the east - September. The surface layer temperature of the Caribbean in winter is about 3 ° C below. In the Caribbean, the temperature of the surface layer has small gradients and seasonal oscillations. Below the depth of 150 m, seasonal oscillations are not observed. The central areas of the Caribbean are obtained on average for the year 6.28 * 10 ^ 18 feces / day of heat, with deviation from this middle ± 0.5 * 10 ^ 18 feces / day.