Vietnam Assessment of EGP and physical geographic location. Vietnam: Geographical position and general information about the country

Geographical position

Vietnam is located in Southeast Asia, occupying the eastern part of the Indochina Peninsula. The country resembles the Latin letter S. The length of Vietnam from north to south is 1750 km, while in the widest place it is almost 600 km, and in the very narrow - only 50 km. The total length of the land borders of Vietnam is 3,700 km. From the north Vietnam borders with China (the length of the border is 1400 km), and in the West - with Laos (2067 km) and Cambodia (1030 km). From East Vietnam is washed by the Eastern Sea, from the West - Siamese Bay, Length coastline is 3260 km.

Geographic coordinates of Vietnam: From 102.10 to 109.24 Eastern longitude and from 8.30 to 23.24 northern latitudes. Vietnam is in the seventh time zone. The time difference with Moscow is in the summer of three hours, in the winter - four hours.

Vietnam Square is 330 thousand square meters. km. 3/4 of the country's territory occupy mountains and hills, 1/4 of the plains. In Square, Vietnam ranks fourth in Southeast Asia (after Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand).

All the very high mountains Are in the western and northwestern parts of the country. SAMI high top Vietnam - Mount Fanspan (3.143 m) is located in the Hoanglienson Mountain Range. Stretching before Eastern SeaThe ridges gradually decrease and end with seaside lowlands. In Sevra and the south of Vietnam there are two large plains, which are the largest residents of the country. In the north is Plain Bacbo, through which the Red River flows (height above sea level 25, area of \u200b\u200b16 thousand square meters. Km). In the south - plain Nambo in the Mekong River Delta (area of \u200b\u200b40 thousand square meters. Km).

How to get

The only and main type of transport where you can easily reach the capital of Vietnam - the city of Hanoi and the resort - Ho Chi Minh City, this is a plane. Moreover, flights to Ho Chi Minhine performs only the Vietnamese airline - Vietnam Airlines, while our Aeroflot will only take you to Hanoi. Departures from Moscow are performed twice or three times a week. If you decide to use the services of Russian airlines, then fly on domestic IL-96 aircraft or on the Boeing 767 models, and if you trust Vietnamese airlines, then fly on American Boeing 777. But in any case, the flight does not take you any trouble, because As experienced pilots and attentive flight attems guarantee a good mood and pleasure from the flight. By the way, about the flight. Not the longest, but at the same time and not the shortest flight - 9-10 hours in the sky.

Aeroflotovskiy flights are made from the airport -Shemetyevo -2, flights from Vietnam Airlines to Domodedovo.

The cost of the flight from Moscow to Hanoi is an average of 25,000 - 30,000 rubles in both ends. But if you carefully monitor the shares of tour operators and "burning tours", you can save about half the marked amount on the airline tickets.

So, from the capital of our state other options for direct routes to Hanoi does not exist. In addition, air travel is made by the same airlines from Vladivostok and some other cities of Russia. And that's what's interesting, the trip from Vladivostok will cost you just a couple of thousand cheaper, although the distance from Moscow to Hanoi and from Vladivostok is different.

So, we denoted direct routes. That is, to Vietnam from Russia directly can only be reached by air. But if you have a journey with a transfer in other countries, the road will become much more diverse.

For example, in Vietnam you can get through neighbouring countries - China and Thailand. So, residents Far East It is more convenient to get to China, and there by train or also by plane to Vietnam. China is the only surrounding country to Russia, which has a railway communication with Vietnam. Well, with Thailand everything is simple - the flight to Thailand, and there is a transplant to a new Boeing - and to Hanoi. In addition, you can get to Korea on the ferry, and there on the plane - to Vietnam. True, this method is available not to all residents of Russia, but only the population of the Far East. If you want a completely extreme journey, you can choose more exotic transit countries, such as Cambodia or Laos.

Visa

To visit Vietnam for citizens of Ukraine provides visa regime.

To obtain a visa to Vietnam, you must provide the following documents:

1. Stamp passport;
2. 2 copies of the questionnaire of the established sample filled in Russian, French or English;
3. Original invitations;
4. Providing information on the points of entry and departure from Vietnam.

The validity period is indicated in the visa, as a rule, up to 30 days.

The consular fee is paid after submission of documents and ranges from 5 to $ 25.

When moving within the country, compliance with the set of formalities is required for which it is recommended to have several photos. When crossing the border, confirmation of sufficient financial means For the period of stay in the country.

For Ukrainian citizens, there is an opportunity to get a free visa directly at the airport. To do this, you need to have a foreign passport, 1 photo 3x4, 1 completed questionnaire. A visa-free regime is provided only for citizens who are in the country no more than 24 hours. Children under 16 fit into the visa of parents (mother).

Climate

Climate Vietnam - monsoon subequatorial; On the territory of the country, 3 climatic zones are conditionally distinguished. In the northern part of the country, medium summer temperatures are about 27 ° C, the winter - about 14 ° C, the rain period lasts from July to September. The central part of Vietnam is the territory, the average summer temperatures on which is kept in the area of \u200b\u200b30 ° C, the winter - within 20 ° C; Rainy season - from October to January. In the south of the country where the rest season lasts round year, in the winter about 25 ° C, the warmer period with an average temperature of about 30 ° C accounts for April; The most rainy months here - July and August.

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Population

According to the 1999 census, the population V. was 76.3 million people. Compared with the previous correspondence, 1989 population increased by 11.9 million people. Birth rate in 1989-99 1.7%, 2002 1.31%. Children's mortality of 42 people. on 1000 newborns. The average life expectancy (2002) of 68.2 years, men 65.5 years, women 70.1 years.

The percentage of migration of the rural population in the city in 1989-99 3.2% annually. In 1999, 23.5% of the country's population lived in cities, in 2002 - 25%. Sex ratio: 51% of women and 49% of men. The age of retirement (only the employees of the public sector in the cities) of men - 60 years, women - 55 years old.

Literacy rate is 91% (in 1989-88%).

Vietnam is a multinational country, 54 nationalities and nationalities live in it. Actually, Vietnamese (Vigets, or Kin) make up 87% of the population. They live mainly in Delta River - Red and Mekong, in the coastal areas of the Central B. The number of Chinese in V. is 4%. Of the nations, Tay, Thai, We-Ong, Hoa, Khmer, Nung are the most numerous. 1 million people. Each. The smallest nations - brow, Romes, ORD there are several hundred people.

The national language is Vietnamese, which speaks St. 90% of the population. Ethnic minorities, preserving its own language, in interethnic communication uses Vietnamese.

Officially, 6 religions are recognized in Vietnam:

• buddhism,
• catholicism,
• protestantism,
• Islam,
• Caedisism
• Hoa-Hao.

According to official data, there are about 7.5 million Buddhists in the country, while 85% of the population consider themselves followers of this religion, about 5 million Catholics, 500 thousand Protestants, 150-170 thousand Muslims.

Nature

About 80% of the territory of the country is occupied by the mountains. In the north of Vietnam in the direction from the North-West to the south-east, parallel to each other glybovo-folded ridges were stretched: Shamushao, Schusungtyai, Hoangelinson. In the Hoanglenson Range is located highest point Countries - Mount Fantaspan (3143 m).

In the west of the country, Alnam Mountains stretched along the border with Laos.

In the southern and central part of Vietnam there are basalt and base plateau: Zilin, Lammwen, Daklak, playlock, which form Taneguen's plateau.

In the north of the country there is an alluvial-delta plain Bacbo.

In the south-west of Vietnam there is an alluvial-delta extensive plain Nambo. On the plain, Nambo is the Delta of the Great River Asia - Mekong.

Water

Mekong and Hongha's multi-water rivers finish the path in Vietnam, enchanting in the South China Sea. Delta Mekong is one of the world's largest. The Delta Square is 40548 km², Megong is divided into 9 sleeves here.

Small rivers flowing from the Annam Mountains and Plateau Taneguen when pushing in the South China Sea, formed a lane of plains stretching along the entire coast.

Flora

About 30% of the territory of Vietnam is covered with forests. These are predominantly wet tropical forests. Almost all the plains of the country are cultivated. Natural forest vegetation has been preserved only in the mountains.

Fauna

Elephants, bears, deers, leopards and tigers live from large mammals in Vietnam. Also in Vietnam the monkeys, hares, proteins are common. Very diverse birds of the country: there are 970 species. Reptiles are widespread: a variety of lizards, snakes, crocodiles. In the waters of Vietnam, more than 1000 species of marine and freshwater fish live.

Hotels, hotels, prices

Hotels in Vietnam are very diverse: Here are the hotels of all categories, with any set of services you wish. Vietnam hotels affect their amazing combination of local traditions and French architecture. Here is a refinement, simplicity and comfort. Many hotels in Vietnam are located in quiet and quiet cities where you can enjoy peace and plunge into a sweet and measured lounge. Also, accommodation in urban hotels will allow you to enjoy travel and excursions in historical places. Most of the hotels are located on the beaches, which you will never forget. It is possible to accommodate in complex bungalows or villas. Many hotels have their own own beaches. Vietnam Hotels Description: On the territory of hotels you can always pamper yourself by visiting massage rooms and SPA centers. Excellent opportunity to combine recreation and recovery.

VINPEARL LUXURY NHA TRANG 5 *

The exclusive hotel located on his own island Hon Tre, in one of the 30 beautiful bays of the world. Perfect place For perfectionists who want to enjoy the rest of the class "Lux", away from the obsessive noise of everyday life.

Princess D "Annam Resort & Spa 5 *

First in Vietnam Boutique resort of international class. The hotel is located in the cozy and secluded KE GA Bay. Modern interpretation of French colonial architecture in combination with the eastern image creates a sense of time. Recommended secluded VIP recreation.

Diamond Bay Resort & Spa 4 *

deval place for those who prefer rest in privacy. The hotel works on the FB power system. Large and cozy territory, absolute harmony with nature and impeccable level of service.

PHU HAI Hotel 4 *

One of better hotels In Fanthiet, is located away from all other coast hotels.
Service corresponds international standards. Extensive, well-thought-out resort infrastructure is suitable for both relaxing and business events.

Villa Aria 3 *

A new modern boutique hotel is located in the center. resort zone Muin. Hotel Recommended for a quiet and relaxing holiday.

The Prime 3 *

The new hotel is open in 2009, it is located in the center of Nya greatly suitable for economical and high-quality rest.

On the Indochina Peninsula (South-East of Asia) is the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The state takes the territory of more than 329 thousand square meters. km. Three countries - Cambodia, Laos and China, border with Vietnam. The water of the South China Sea and his bays is washed by the southern and east coast of the country. Kondao, Baytylong, Katiba, Koto and Fukuok are the largest of the islands belonging to Vietnam.

Mountains occupy almost 80% of the country's territory. Deep longitudinal valleys are divided by the Hoanglenson Ridges, Shamusha and Shusuntyotyiy, stretching parallel to each other in the north of Vietnam. Here is the mountain fan-c-pan, reaching 3143 m and considered the highest point of the country. Annam Mountains are located at the Western Border of Vietnam. Central, Lamemen, Playcot, Zilin and Daklak - These Plateau occupy the central part of the country. The largest rivers of the Republic of Mekong and Hongha flow into the South China Sea. Plain Bacbo lies in the north, in the lower reaches of Honghi. Plain Nambo - in the Mekong Del, in the southwest of the country. UNESCO recognized as one of the miracles of the world of Halong Bay in Babbo Bay, where 1600 islands are located in the most fancy form.

The country's population exceeds 83 million. Per quarter. The km of its square accounts for 253 people. More than half of the inhabitants of Vietnam are women. The population growth is about 2%. The average age, which lives the inhabitants of the republic, is 70 years old.

The country's population has more than 54 ethnic groups. All residents of Vietnam are called "Vietnamese". Previously, this definition was used for the residents of the plains, but today they are called "Vigets", and they make up more than 85% of the population. Khmer and Chinese country communities are also pretty great. Thais, Cham, Mann, Mugue and other nationalities also live on the territory of the republic.

Three families (Austronesian, Sino-Tibetan and Austro-Asias') include all languages \u200b\u200bcommon in the country. The state is considered Vietnamese. Khmer and Chinese are widespread. In the republic you can hear English, French and Russian.

Most of the inhabitants of the country are confessing Buddhism. In addition to the Buddha, perfume and local deities are also an object of worshiping indigenous people. The cult of the ancestors and forces of nature - these and other traditional beliefs adhere to about 23% of the population. Christianity professes 10%. Most of them are Catholics, Protestants - 1%. Islam and Hinduism confess some nation.

The country has a very high rate of urbanization. Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam. Among other largest cities in Vietnam: Hahfon, Ho Chimina, Hue, Danang, etc.

A unique National Assembly is the highest body of state power. The term of office of 498 deputies belonging to its composition is limited to five years. From their number, candidates for senior leadership posts are nominated: President, Chairman of the Supreme People's Court, Prime Minister Dr. President, elected for a five-year term, heads the country's armed forces.

The representative of the Communist Party took the presidency in 2006, receiving 94% of the vote.

In the first millennium BC. On the territory of modern Vietnam there was a kingdom of 0 - varnish. Until 939 years old North Vietnam was part of the Chinese Empire. Protectorate France most of Countries have become in 1884. Vietnam was divided into two states in accordance with the Geneva Agreement. The Republic of Vietnam formed in 1955 in the south of the country, and in 1959, in the north of Vietnam, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed. The war between the South and Northern Vietnam began in the late 1950s and ended in 1975. In 1976 their political association occurred. The formed Socialist Republic of Vietnam is part of many international organizations - UN, WHO, UNESCO, etc.

On the territory of the country has a walking national currency - Vietnamese Dong.

Climatic regions in Vietnam are three - southern, central and northern. Wet hot summer and cool raw winter is characteristic of the northern regions. Tropical monsonic climate southern Districtions Differs in high temperature and big humidity. In the summer, the penetration of wet winds to the central region is hampered by the mountain ranges. When the country is installed on the rest of the country good weather - It is starting to pour rains. Sometimes they continue until January.

Destructive typhoons often fall on the coast.

Evergreen tropical forests grow in the lower reaches of the mountains. Above them, subtropical largest forests are replaced. Coniferous trees, oaks, ash and maple grow in mixed forests of the country. Mangrove thickets occupy a seaside zone. Coconut palm trees form whole groves in lowlands. Iron, ebony, camphor and other valuable species of trees grow on the territory of Vietnam.

Vietnam is famous for the whole world with its museums that attract a huge number of tourists to the country.

Economic and geographical location of Vietnam

The official name of the state is the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The country is located on the Indochina Peninsula, in the southeastern part of it.

In East, Vietnam has an open access to the South China Sea, and the land border in the West passes with Laos and Cambodia, in the north with China.

From the neighboring countries - Laos and Cambodia are developing countries, with the exception of China, which in its region today is a superpower and the largest trading partner of Vietnam.

The territory of Vietnam is a narrow stripe stretched along the meridian. East Coast Vietnam has a very big length, and this feature of the geographical position has big influence on climate formation.

The adjacent islands and the two large archipelago - Hoang Sha and Chong Sha and Chong Sha are part of its territory.

Length sea border Excluding islands is 3444 km, and the length of the land border is 4639 km. From north to south, the country is elongated 1800 km.

The territory of the country is conditionally divided into three parts - the North, Central, South Vietnam, which differ significantly from each other. S-shaped country form. North and southern part of it are wide enough, and central part - Very narrow and has a width of about 50 km.

North and South Vietnam are the main residents.

The country area and territory in time had change. This former French colony in 1945 eliminated the colonial system and defended independence.

Vietnam, divided into the colonial period to the North and South, was united in 1976 and began to develop as a single state.

Lands with neighbors are carried out with the help of automobile and railway transport, can be used air Transport. In long-distance international transport, sea and air transport are used.

Modern Vietnam refers to the world's largest exporters of rice, coffee, pepper. Seafood, natural rubber, tropical vegetables and fruits, cashews, tea, milk, sugar are also supplied to the foreign market.

The country's share in exports is approaching 75%, and 20% falls on oil. The remaining export part is the products of light, electrical industry and some types of engineering.

The structure of Vietnamese imports of almost 70% is ready-made products, 7% - food, 3% - agricultural raw materials, 17% fuel and energy products.

The main trading partners of Vietnamese on the export of crude oil, rice, coffee, clothes and shoes, tea are USA, Japan, China, Australia, Germany.

Partners in imports of industrial products, petroleum products, fertilizers, grains, cotton, cement, motorcycles are China, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand, USA.

There is a problem in relations between Vietnam and China, associated with territorial disputes around Spratley Islands and Parasiel. This problem leads not only to diplomatic scandals, but also various incidents.

Note 1.

In general, the economic and geographical position of Vietnam is quite favorable taking into account the country's wealth of natural resources and climatic conditionsThat makes it possible to develop both industrial and agricultural spheres.

Natural conditions Vietnam

Geographical position Countries affect its relief and climatic conditions.

More than half of the territory of Vietnam is occupied by low and medieval mountains. Shard-folded ridges stretch parallel to each other in the north of the country. Among them, the Hoanglenson Ridge and its highest point of Fanspan (3143 m), Ridge Shusungtyai and Shamshao. The ridges between themselves are separated by narrow and deep longitudinal valleys.

In the west of the country along the border with Laos and Cambodia, the Mountains of Chirongshon pass. Their northern spurs have steep dissected slopes, and the southern ridges alternate with plateaus and plate arrays.

In the center and in the south of Vietnam there are baseball and basalt plateau - playlock, Daklak, Lammone, Zilin, central plateau.

Large allyvial-delta lowland plains were formed in the deltas of the Hongha and Mekong rivers, respectively, Bakbo and Nambo.

Along the banks of the Tonkin Gulf and the South China Sea stretches a narrow band of accumulative seaside plains.

Mountain areas are quite widespread as an islandish remains, caves, underground rivers, etc. Included in the list World Heritage Halong Bay is known for flooded karst remains forming a picturesque archipelago from rocky islands.

Located south of the tropic of cancer, Vietnam lies in subtropical, tropical, subequatorial belts.

The northern part of the country is located in a subtropical monsoon climate with northern, cold and wet air in winter. Summer monsoon from the ocean brings stuffy and rainy weather.

The climate of Central Vietnam Tropical. January temperature +20 degrees. The rains fall out from August to January. The rains fall out mainly in the foothill, leaving dry coastal plains.

Climate Southern Vietnam Sub-screen and to a lesser extent depends on monsoons. Throughout the year it is warm weather, with a temperature of +26, +28 degrees. Two seasons are well distinguished here - the dry season, starting from October and the wet season from April to October. The difference between summer and winter temperatures is 2-3 degrees.

The climate of the country formed under the influence of monsoons is quite often subjected to typhoon. Having collapsed on the coast, Typhoon brings great destruction, accompanied by human victims. Typhunas are most susceptible to the northern and Central VietnamBut they happen in southern Vietnam.

Natural resources Vietnam

Vietnam is rich in natural resources, including minerals.

Among them are hydrocarbons - oil and natural gas. Their deposits are revealed within the limits of Northern and Southeast Vietnam.

Coal deposits Kokshau, Kaoshon, Wangzyng, etc.

The iron ore deposit Chaykau in the northeast of the country and in the central part - the field of Tollukhe.

Boxitite deposits in Northeast - Tapna, Langchon, Dongdang. There are manganese deposits - Langbai, Tokak, Chromium, Tolframa deposits.

Copper and gold mined in the north - the Xinkuen field, lead and zinc deposit - herd. There is antimony, mercury, molybdenum, rare and radioactive elements, there is kaolin, stone and potash salt, plaster, apatite, natural building materials.

Of the precious and diverse stones - sapphire, zircon, beryl, amethyst, grenade, etc.

The country's river network is quite thick. Rivers belong to the South China Sea basin. Rivers are of great importance, both in the domestic transport of goods and in the irrigation of fields.

In the northern part of the country main river It is Hongha (Red River) and its major influx yes (black river).

In the south of the country, the main river - Mekong, but within the limits of Vietnam there is only its lower current, the length of which is about 220 km.

Rivers have mostly rain nutrition. Lakes in Vietnamese land are small and they are small in size.

Mountain red-yellow ferrally soils prevailing in the country, and dark-red soils are formed on basalt platea. In the Mekong Delta there are swamp saline soils. The soil of the country is mostly rapid.

Half of the territory of Vietnam is engaged in forests, palpal, shrub thickets, including beech.

Americans, applying chemicals, almost completely destroyed mangroves - 500 thousand hectares and 30% - more than 100 thousand hectares of plain forests. The environmental balance of the country has changed a lot, the microbiological composition of soils was disturbed, plants were poisoned. The species composition of the breeds of a wet tropical forest sharply decreased.

The region where Vietnam is called indochite and is considered one of the most densely populated in the world. Throughout its history, Vietnam was inextricably linked with China, which influenced its southern neighbor.

Where is the country of Vietnam?

The narrow strip Vietnam stretched 1750 kilometers eastern Bank Indochinese Peninsula. Such a big length, together with significant relief changes, creates very different countries throughout the country. natural conditionswhich vary from north to south.

Along the border with Cambodia and Laos on the territory, Annam Mountains stretched, the highest point of which is located on the territory of Vietnam and is called Mount Bia.

Region where Vietnam is located does not lack water resources. On the territory of the country, the two largest rivers of Southeast Asia - Mekong and Hongha proceed. And on his territory they form their delta, falling into the South China Sea.

Water resources and climate

To answer the question where Vietnam on the equator is enough to hold an imaginary line from major city Countries with which Ho Chi Minhine, named so in honor of the first president of an independent state. The distance between the octalillion hoistin and the air is about a thousand two hundred kilometers.

Since the country lies at a considerable distance from the equator, it gives the climate seasonality with pronounced fluctuations in precipitation mode. In the south of Vietnam, the dry season continues from mid-December to April, and the rainy season from May to November.

The Great River Asia

The river, known worldwide as Mekong, is called Kyulong in Vietnamese, which is translated as the "River of the Nine Dragons". The length of the river reaches four and a half thousand kilometers, during which it proceeds through the territory of six states and serves as the border between Burma, Laos and Thailand.

Mekong takes its beginning on the territory of Tibetan highlands controlled by China. On the territory of Tibet, the river is called Dza-Chu, and after the exit to the Chinese lands is called Lancanjiang.

Walking through the territory of six states, the river carries meals in the land of local peasants, but it is distinguished by instability and significant differences in the amount of flow from the season for the season. If the river is filled in its upper flow due to the melting of snow, then in the region where Vietnam is, it depends on the drop-down rains.

The capital of Vietnam. Where is?

In which country there would be a capital, it is always a place for attraction for business and the population. Today, the capital of Vietnam is the city of Hanoi, the name of which is translated as "city between rivers".

Hanoi the second largest city of the country after Ho Chi Minhine, however, the cities are distinguished not so much about how much their geographical position. Hanoi is included in the twenty of the largest in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of the world and occupies the seventeenthist in this ranking. At the same time, he is among the top ten most popular cities in Asia near tourists. Travelers attract the old history of the city, its architecture, craft areas and a good climate.

The unofficial symbol of the city, which often falls into the camera lens, is considered to be the Tower of the Khanyskaya Citadel, built in the fifteenth century. The citadel was repeatedly rebuilt and destroyed during numerous military conflicts, the most destructive of which was civil WarWithdrawal of eighteen years and killed two million locals.

Conflict of interest

In the twentieth century Southeast Asia She became the vehicle of the struggle between the two systems submitted by the United States and the USSR, and by the end of the sixties conflict broke out in the region where Vietnam is located. In which mainland, there would be a conflict of two superpowers, thousands of locals became his victims.

As a result of a prolonged conflict, which left an indelible mark in the history of all speakers who defended the Communist leaders, supported by Soviet Union And occupied northern part countries.

After the American troops were derived, and Ho Chi Minh set control over the entire country, the capital of South Vietnam was named after the first president of the new Communist Republic.

The Communist Economic System established according to the results of the war was collapsed at the beginning of the eighties of the twentieth century. The authorities began to conduct market reforms, attracting investments from other states. The country slowly began to open peace, but to this day the influence of the communist past on the life of people is large, and the symbol of this past serves the tomb of Ho Chi Minh - Mausoleum, built in the country of Hanoi.

Modern economy

Despite all the efforts of the country's leadership, Vietnam still remains largely agricultural country supplied abroad products with low market value. However, the Communist Party of Vietnam does not plan to give up and declares that it plans to make life in the village more comfortable and at the same time raise the productivity of agriculture.

It is assumed to carry out electricity in rural areas, road construction and increasing the share of mechanisms in the production of agricultural products. At the same time, residents will train work on new machines.

As for industrial production, we can say that in any part of the country where the city is located, Vietnam turns into not the most ecologically favorable place.

In the XXL century, many industries appeared in Vietnam, which do not meet modern environmental safety standards. More and more factories and factories are opening in the country due to the cheapness of the workforce, which even China can no longer boast. Workers live in terrible conditions, production safety rules are not respected, and salaries are barely enough to cover the minimum costs.

Ecological problems

The region where Vietnam is located mostly has a mountain or hilly medium height relief, but in the Mekong Delta, the sushi level decreases significantly. This seaside slide creates a threat to flooding in the event that the level of the world's ocean will increase due to global climate change.

Vietnamese scientists believe that by 2100 the sea level can be climbed by one meter, and this will lead to almost complete flooding of provinces located in an extensive river delta.

Another danger to the country's ecology can be the rapid urbanization, which began in two thousand years. Height settlements And the increased number of cars create unfavorable conditions for the health of the urban population.

From the east and the south is washed by the South China Sea. In addition to the main part, Vietnam belongs to the Islands of Kondao, Fukui (TCH), Khoyai, Re, Peli and others (the territorial dispute with China and Taiwan about the Parasiel Islands and Spratty is not completely settled).

Climate Vietnam

For most of the country, the climate is a tropical monsoon climate, in the north is close to subtropical, in the south - to the subequatorial. Weather Form under the influence of summer wet (southern and south-west) and winter dry (northeastern) monsoon. average temperature During the year, little changes and ranges from +26 seconds in December to +29 seconds in April.

In the north, the hot season lasts from May to October (+ 27-33 c), relatively cool weather (+ 15-23 s) is here from November to April. In the south, in the zone of the subequatorial climate, all year round is relatively stable temperatures (about + 29-35 s), only in the winter season, the thermometer column is lowered to + 22-27 C. The average humidity at any time of the year is about 80%. In mountainous areas, where the climate is close to moderate, in summer, about + 17-25 s, in the winter, the temperature can be lowered to + 7-12 with very high humidity.

The precipitation drops around 2000 mm per year, and in some parts of the central plateau and up to 3,300 mm. In all areas of the country, two pronounced seasons are observed - dry and rainy. In the north, the rainy season lasts from May to October, in the south - from June to August, in the central regions of the country - from August to January (from November to December, the maximum amount of precipitation falls). The relatively cold and wet winter on the northern and central coastal lowlands is often accompanied by fogs and drizzling rain. In the spring and autumn, the weather is also quite unstable, and in the period from mid-October to the end of December, Typhins are collapsed on the coast.

Nature Vietnam

Most of the territory of the country is occupied by middle-aided mountain systems (Highlands Yunnan, Annam Range, Chiongshon Mountains, Us Danang, etc.), dismembered in many places with river systems of Mekong, Bassaka, Hongha (Red River), Ka, Tu, Ma, Krong, Donal and others, forming extensive alluvial plains in the lower current. The country's highest point is Mount Fantastipa (Highlands Yunnan, 3143 m.). The total area of \u200b\u200bthe country is about 329.5 thousand square meters. km.

National Parks and Reserves in Vietnam

In the country enough extensive network National Parks and Reserves - national parks Batma-Hayvan, Kukfyong or Wawi, numerous reserves on Tingguen Plateau and at the foot of the Mountain Arrays of Chonong Sean, bordering Laos and Cambodia, Nabiba Island National Park and All Halong Bay, Cheyk Fong Reserve (222 sq. Km.) With Primate Salvation Center (here there are 13 endemic types of gibbons), national Park Bach MA (45 km. Southeast Hue), Yoke Don and others, protect the experiencing powerful anthropogenic effects of the country's ecosystem.

Also in the northern regions (Viet Tank) are located interesting placeslike the grotto dong nhat, dong nhu and there Tang near Langson, grotto tank bo and waterfalls of the ban of Caobang, Mount Tay Kon Lin (the highest point of the area - 2341 m.), Grotto Nha Fong, Spa, Spa, Highlands Yunnan and Mountain Fantasipa, as well as picturesque passes of NGA and Hai Wang. 230 km. north of Hanoi lie the most large lakes Countries - Pelamen, Selu and Peleng (Lake Ba BE), surrounded by picturesque landscapes, many rivers, waterfalls and lakes. In 1978, the district was declared a national natural reserve.